五四新文学与自然主义

自然主义作为一种文学理念是20世纪初从日本传入中国的,但五四时期新文学运动并未像日本文坛那样形成典型的自然主义文艺思潮。中国文学环境的独特性使自然主义经过改良后成为诠释启蒙文学观的载体。五四新文学的倡导者们提倡自然主义,是试图用自然主义来克服写实主义"不忠实描写"的弊病,将它的某些法则加以改造而成为现实主义理论的有机部分。     

左翼文学思潮和世界华文文学

从20世纪30年代到90年代,台港、海外的左翼华文文学思潮分别发生于殖民统治、国民党统治、资本主义制度、民族主义国家等各种境遇中,以其丰富多样的形态,构成了台港、海外华文文学传统的重要方面。台港、海外左翼华文文学始终以在野的处境、边缘的地位、民间的生存方式保留、发展了左翼文学的现实批判立场,并在多种思潮并存的局面中避免了政治性预设价值的根本性宰制,其历史经验拓展和加深了人们对作为中国左翼文学思潮理论核心的左翼现实主义的认识。     

论革命现实主义对现实主义与浪漫主义的改造

革命现实主义作为一种创作方法注重创作内容和创作态度服务于政治目的的实际效果,这一创作方法的形成对现实主义和浪漫主义均有所改造和接受。通过对革命现实主义创作方法与现实主义和浪漫主义关系的梳理,可以更清晰地呈现革命现实主义的本质特征。     

《铁血湘西》：一种开放的历史现实主义创作

《铁血湘西》选择一种开放的历史现实主义创作立场来把握现代湘西革命斗争史,既借鉴传统现实主义艺术经验来表现和还原革命历史,具有历史真实性和现场感;同时又 融入文化、魔幻与心理元素,让历史真实成为了一种深度真实,实现了个体艺术经验的突破。     

Realism and Complexity

I will argue that from a CR perspective, social reality is complex. It just is not complex in the ways CT suggests. Even emergence, according to CR, is more complex and stronger than CT suggests. First wave CR is enough to advance the issue considerably, but I will also examine dialectical CR as a further attempt within CR to take account of complexity.     

简论《都柏林人》的表现艺术

乔伊斯的<都柏林人>是现实主义作品.但乔伊斯在技巧方面追新求奇异、顿悟、象征和处心积虑地求平庸使它有别于传统短篇小说,为它抹上了浓浓的现代主义文学色彩.<都>奠定了乔伊斯在世界文坛上的地位.     

The magic in the (extra)ordinary: Intensive validation to recalibrate the life-worlds of adolescents exposed to abuse

This qualitative case study aimed to explore environmental circumstances and interactional processes that appeared to be relevant for the dynamics of resilience in adolescents exposed to child abuse. Fieldwork at a learning and coping centre for children and their families was combined with semi-structured interviews with adolescent participants aged 12 to 18 years. A critical realist approach was used to unpack what has been called the ‘ordinary magic’ of resilience. We found that intensively validating qualities of both the environment and relationships seemed to be driving components for resilience. Borrowing ideas from the sociometer theory, we propose that particularly the consistent intensiveness may offer a recalibration of the adolescents' immediate life-worlds, in terms of how they perceive the people they meet and the environments they step into. In keeping with the transactional-ecological model of resilience, we suggest that such a recalibration leads to altered social agency that becomes visible through their immediate social participation.     

Gendering in the Holistic Milieu: A Critical Realist Analysis of Homeopathic Work

Increasing attention is being paid to the economic sector known as the holistic milieu, in which alternative or New Age spiritualities are transformed into commercial products and services. Made up of a wide variety of activities and products, many marketized, this milieu is dominated by women as producers and consumers. The discourses of holism and wellbeing that underpin activity offer promises of gender equality and the freedom to develop subjectivity according to individual preferences. Despite its economic and cultural significance, little is known of why women in particular enter this sector. This article presents a critical realist analysis of how five women negotiated structural conditions and agency when leaving a mainstream occupation or organization to move into homeopathy, a key activity in the holistic milieu. I suggest that while there are numerous tensions and contradictions involved in this move, it is nonetheless a form of action that offers a different subject position and altered gender relations, based on embodied identity and exercise of agency. Whether the holistic milieu offers more equitable gender relations is less clear, but this seems less important for respondents than the other benefits the move implies.     

冯雪峰与“拉普”的“唯物辩证法创作方法”

“拉普”是20世纪二三十年代苏联文学界最重要的文学现象,对左翼文艺运动影响深远。“左联”重要成员之一冯雪峰不仅翻译了“拉普”的“唯物辩证法创作方法”,而且将该理论作为其现实主义理论构建的重要资源。受该理论的影响,冯雪峰的现实主义理论排斥浪漫主义,独尊现实主义,重视作家世界观的作用,把现实主义文学作为革命的武器和工具。“拉普”的“唯物辩证法创作方法”为冯雪峰现实主义理论的构建提供了理论依据,适应了当时革命现实需要。但该创作方法本身的一些局限性,也不可避免地给冯雪峰的现实主义理论构建带来一定的负面影响。探讨冯雪峰对“唯物辩证法创作方法”接受和阐释的经验和教训,对于当下现实主义理论的发展有一定的借鉴意义。     

Towards a critical realist epistemology?

When critical realists consider epistemology they typically start from “epistemological relativism.” We find this position necessary, but we also find it insufficient because it lacks a critique of the highly unequal social relations among observers themselves—relations that shape the very production of knowledge. While it is indeed the case that all knowledge is fallible, it is also the case that all knowledge is positioned, with a particular standpoint. What is more, the social power relations between standpoints organize the production of truth in ways that produce systematic distortions. In this paper, we propose a critical realist social epistemology. We introduce feminist standpoint theory and postcolonial theory as our suggested interventions into critical realism and we use two case studies of existing work to highlight i) the social production of truth and the real, and ii) what is at stake for radicalizing epistemology in critical realism. In so doing, our paper emphasizes the epistemic complexities that continuously shape ontology, a commitment to subaltern voices or experiences, and a thorough interrogation of the relations between positions of knowledge production.