Optimal Composite Markers for Time‐Dependent Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves with Censored Survival Data

Abstract. To increase the predictive abilities of several plasma biomarkers on the coronary artery disease (CAD)‐related vital statuses over time, our research interest mainly focuses on seeking combinations of these biomarkers with the highest time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curves. An extended generalized linear model (EGLM) with time‐varying coefficients and an unknown bivariate link function is used to characterize the conditional distribution of time to CAD‐related death. Based on censored survival data, two non‐parametric procedures are proposed to estimate the optimal composite markers, linear predictors in the EGLM model. Estimation methods for the classification accuracies of the optimal composite markers are also proposed. In the article we establish theoretical results of the estimators and examine the corresponding finite‐sample properties through a series of simulations with different sample sizes, censoring rates and censoring mechanisms. Our optimization procedures and estimators are further shown to be useful through an application to a prospective cohort study of patients undergoing angiography.     

卫星导航接收机测速精度测量方法研究

以GPS为例,研究卫星导航接收机动态测量精度的测量方法。讨论了被动式导航接收机的测速原理,阐述了卫星导航信号模拟源产生信号的基本方法,说明通过调节模拟源中各延迟环节的时延量,即可模拟产生相对于载频的频偏,以此作为接收机动态的理论真值并与实际测量值相比较,可获得包括速度在内的动态测量精度。在理论分析的基础上介绍了基于模拟源的接收机测速精度测量的实现方法。     

网络新闻写作特点分析

随着网络媒体的迅速发展,网络新闻逐渐摆脱报纸等传统媒体新闻写作方式的束缚,形成了适合自身的写作特点:标题信息含量高,艺术性强,导语制作相对宽松,背景材料具有明显的丰富性和扩展性,结构具有明显的随意性和跳跃性,超文本格式又使网络新闻具有了超强层次性。     

遥测接收机的一种载波频偏抑制方法

讨论了一种PCM/FM遥测数字接收机的载波频偏抑制方法。理论推导证明,在全数字接收机条件下,载波频偏对于理想FM解调输出信号的影响相当于对其进行了幅度调制。因此基于滑窗最大最小值法对鉴频后的信号进行平均包络检测,再从中减去平均包络部分,从而得到频偏抑制后的信号。给出了设计实例和计算机仿真结果,误码率测试曲线表明该方法不但有效,而且能够适应较大的频偏变化率。     

WOLA滤波器组信道化接收机技术

多相DFT滤波器组是实现信道化接收机的一种高效结构,但是该结构要求信道数目与抽取倍数必须相等,限制了接收机参数设计的灵活性。该文将WOLA滤波器组引入信道化接收机,以信号的平移代替窗函数的平移,对加权、叠接、相加后的信号进行DFT变换,实现了多相DFT滤波器组的相同功能,又解除了抽取倍数与信道数目的约束关系,是多相DFT滤波器组的一种推广形式。仿真结果验证了WOLA滤波器组在实现信道化接收机时的有效性。     

论综合配套生态补偿机制的建立

一直以来,我国的生态补偿都是由国家财政来支付的。这种单一的生态补偿机制已经不足以解决跨区、跨界的环境问题。对生态保护作出贡献者应当给以补偿,对在生态破坏中的受损者也要进行补偿,还要对减少生态破坏者进行补偿,这种情况下,亟待建立一种完善的市场补偿与政府补偿相结合的综合配套补偿机制。     

An application of lomax distributions in receiver operating characteristic(roc)curve analysis

Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves are useful for studying the performance of diagnostic tests. ROC curves occur in many fields of applications including psychophysics, quality control and medical diagnostics. In practical situations, often the responses to a diagnostic test are classified into a number of ordered categories. Such data are referred to as ratings data. It is typically assumed that the underlying model is based on a continuous probability distribution. The ROC curve is then constructed from such data using this probability model. Properties of the ROC curve are inherited from the model. Therefore, understanding the role of different probability distributions in ROC modeling is an interesting and important area of research. In this paper the Lomax distribution is considered as a model for ratings data and the corresponding ROC curve is derived. The maximum likelihood estimation procedure for the related parameters is discussed. This procedure is then illustrated in the analysis of a neurological data example.     

高效数字信道化IFM接收机的研究

采用一种具有普遍性的推导方法得到基于DFT多相滤波器组的宽带数字信道化接收机高效结构,并且将瞬时测频技术应用于该结构中,提出了一种数字信道化瞬时测频接收机方案。计算机仿真表明:该方案提高了信道化接收机的频率分辨率,能够分辨同时落入一个信道的两个信号,而且运算复杂度低,硬件实现效率高,是能适应现代电子战中密集的信号环境的一种高效侦察接收机方案。     

Powerful nonparametric statistics to compare k independent ROC curves

The authors deal with the problem of comparing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves from independent samples. From a nonparametric approach, they propose and study three different statistics. Their asymptotic distributions are obtained and a resample plan is considered. In order to study the statistical power of the introduced statistics, a simulation study is carried out. The (observed) results suggest that, for the considered models, the new statistics are more powerful than the usually employed ones (the Venkatraman test and the usual area under the ROC curve criterion) in non-uniform dominance situations and quite good otherwise.     

A step-by-step algorithm for combining diagnostic tests

Combining data of several tests or markers for the classification of patients according to their health status for assigning better treatments is a major issue in the study of diseases such as cancer. In order to tackle this problem, several approaches have been proposed in the literature. In this paper, a step-by-step algorithm for estimating the parameters of a linear classifier that combines several measures is considered. The optimization criterion is to maximize the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The algorithm is applied to different simulated data sets and its performance is evaluated. Finally, the method is illustrated with a prostate cancer staging database.