当代大学生思想发展变化的动因及特点研究

了解和把握当代大学生的思想特点,是做好大学生思想政治教育的关键.本文从研究大学生思想发展变化的主要影响因素入手,就国际思潮复杂化、国内经济发展快速化、高等教育大众化、成长环境网络化等四个方面的发展变化,分析了影响当代大学生思想发展变化的主要原因.并依据变化的背景,结合变化的特点,重点从政治态度、理想信念、道德观念、行为方式和心理健康等五个方面分析归纳了当代大学生所具有的思想特点.     

Clients as Teachers: Reciprocal Influences in Therapy Relationships

The value of the continuing education industry for therapists is questioned, as is the usefulness of therapy books and journal articles, as a means of engaging therapists in life‐long learning. Instead, it is argued that our clients are our best teachers and that therapists learn most effectively from their clients. Drawing on research studies with prominent theoreticians and therapists, and on case studies from clinical work, a number of important themes are identified as ways in which therapists are influenced by their therapeutic encounters with their clients. The themes explored in this article include: (1) intimacy and high emotional arousal with clients as we witness profound change; (2) being challenged by clients; and (3) allowing for boundary ‘crossings’ in order to develop more flexible ways of working with clients. The implications for professional development are discussed.     

新疆民汉语互学现象的由来和发展

新疆自古以来就是一个多民族、多语种地区.本文通过对新疆民汉语互学现象的产生、存在和发展的论述,真实地反映2000多年来,新疆的汉族与少数民族和睦相处、密切交往的民族关系以及共同为我国统一的多民族国家的形成、发展和巩固所做的努力.     

中日环境健康损害因果关系证明比较研究

以20世纪60年代的四大公害诉讼为契机,日本在法学理论和司法实务中针对公害健康损害因果关系的认定发展出了不同于传统侵权诉讼的因果关系推定规则,具体包括盖然性法、间接反证法、流行病学法等推定方法。我国则自20世纪90年代开始,通过特殊的因果关系举证责任分配规则实现保护受害人的政策目标。但是在理论研究和司法实务中,对这种特殊的举证责任分配规则的理解存在分歧,其争议焦点在于受害人是否对因果关系事实承担一定的举证责任。通过对中日的比较,可以发现日本的做法更为谨慎,其在坚守科学证明的前提下兼顾受害人保护的价值追求;而我国则更注重于受害人保护这一政策目标的实现,而忽视了证明的最终目标是寻求事实真相。我国应当在坚持现有举证责任规则的基础上,在审判实务中探索适用因果关系推定方法,实现政策考量与法律逻辑的相对平衡。     

四元交互体系Li，K／Cl，SO_4—H_2O50℃，75℃相关系研究

用恒温方法研究了四元交互体系Ｌｉ，Ｋ／Ｃｌ，ＳＯ４—Ｈ２Ｏ５０℃，７５℃的平衡溶解度．该系统（５０℃，７５℃）的相图是由六条单变量线组成，且有五个结晶区，三个单变点．其中的一点是一致性单变点，其余的点是非一致性单变点．采用混合电解质溶液理论Ｐｉｔｚｅｒ模型，用所测得的该系统的溶解度数据可获得Ｐｉｔｚｅｒ参数．测定了该体系（２５℃）的溶解度、平衡溶液的密度、折光率；平衡固相的溶度积、蒸汽压．计算结果与实测结果一致．     

当代大学生政治观现状及教育对策思考

在客观分析当代大学生政治观现状的基础上,找出影响大学生政治观形成的主客观因素,进而提出增强大学生政治观教育实效性的具体措施。     

The concept of adequate causation and Max Weber's comparative sociology of religion

Max Weber's The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, studied in isolation, shows mainly an elective affinity or an adequacy on the level of meaning between the Protestant ethic and the 'spirit' of capitalism. Here it is suggested that Weber's subsequent essays on 'The Economic Ethics of World Religions' are the result of his opinion that adequacy on the level of meaning needs and can be verified by causal adequacy. After some introductory remarks, particularly on elective affinity, the paper tries to develop the concept of adequate causation and the related concept of objective possibility on the basis of the work of v. Kries on whom Weber heavily relied. In the second part, this concept is used to show how the study of the economic ethics of India, China, Rome and orthodox Russia can support the thesis that the 'spirit' of capitalism, although it may not have been caused by the Protestant ethic, was perhaps adequately caused by it.     

Epidemiology and litigation—the Sellafield childhood leukaemia cases

Statisticians and scientists are often required to provide information outside the scientific community. One important example is as an expert witness in the law courts. The civil litigation cases of Reay versus British Nuclear Fuels plc and Hope versus British Nuclear Fuels plc are a vivid illustration of how science and scientists interact with the law and lawyers. The personal injury cases were decided on the basis of how a specific epidemiological association should be properly interpreted, and this involved many experts. It is desirable that statisticians and scientists understand the nature of expert evidence, and these two cases are used to illuminate the role of the scientist in civil litigation.     

Analyzing Complicity in Risk

When risks generate anger rather than fear, there is at least someone who regards the imposition of those risks as wrongdoing; and it then makes sense to speak of the involvement in producing those risks as complicity. It is particularly relevant to examine the complicity of risk bearers, because this is likely to have a strong influence on how far other actors should go in providing them with protection. This article makes a case for analyzing complicity explicitly, in parallel with normal processes of risk assessment, and proposes a framework for this analysis. It shows how it can be applied in a case study of maritime transportation, and examines the practical and theoretical difficulties of this kind of analysis. The conclusion is that the analysis has to be formative rather than summative, but that it could provide a useful way of exposing differences in the assumptions of different actors about agency and responsibility.     

阿富汗毒品经济：历史、作用与成因

阿富汗毒品经济主要来源于以鸦片生产和贸易为主的非法经济活动。阿富汗的毒品资金主要通过鸦片种植和毒品加工保护费、毒品国际走私通道保护费、毒品销售资金这三种方式流向塔利班以及基地组织手中,成为恐怖组织源源不断的经济来源。阿富汗农民长期贫困与毒品经济巨大利润形成的反差、喀布尔政府权力虚弱与管治无力、塔利班分子苦心经营以及美国阿富汗政策的连续失误,使得阿富汗毒品经济在短时间内难以铲除,成为国际反恐战争的最大障碍。