王树楠欧洲史著述探析

晚清时期,由于民族危机的加深,人们关注西政和外国史地学的编纂,王树楠是比较早的专门编纂欧洲史学之人。他具有强烈的忧患意识,强调变易进化的观念,继承发扬传统史学中治史之鉴戒传统,积极向国人介绍古希腊和欧洲各国的历史文化和政治制度,推动了变法思潮的发展,并积极主动地从中西比较中寻求借鉴。     

宋庠、宋祁的七律创作及其诗史意义

宋庠、宋祁是后昆体诗人群的中坚力量,他们的七律创作在西昆体向江西诗派的转变过程中表现出明显的过渡性特征。就内容而言,二宋七律皆表达了自己的仕途沉浮、叹老念衰之感,具有鲜明的个性化倾向,这一点迥别于西昆体。在风格上,二宋七律由效西昆体的典丽柔靡向瑰迈健举或沉郁奥博发展。这与二人七律学杜分不开,而学杜是江西诗派七律最鲜明的特征之一。在创作手法上,宋庠七律以比兴寄托、借用典故写景抒情及多用倒装句三大特征为主;宋祁七律除此之外,还在造语、炼字、对仗、用典等方面表现出求新求奇、精益求精的努力,特别是僻典、俗字的使用,已率先实践了江西诗派"化俗为雅"的理论。在唐风向宋调的演变过程中,宋庠七律更倾向于唐风,而宋祁七律则在很多方面开了宋诗法门。二宋七律,一以承唐,一以启宋,具有重要的诗史意义。     

新疆民汉语互学现象的由来和发展

本文从民族迁徙、通婚、经商、入侍、屯田诸方面入手,通过大量民汉接触的史料,对新疆民汉语互学现象产生的基础和条件,对民汉语互学现象的发展过程以及民汉语互学现象对新疆社会经济产生的影响,进行了较为系统的论述,客观地反映出两千多年来汉族与当地民族密切交往的历史以及共同为新疆社会经济发展所做的努力.     

Minimal Risk in Pediatric Research: A Philosophical Review and Reconsideration

Despite more than thirty years of debate, disagreement persists among research ethicists about the most appropriate way to interpret the U.S. regulations on pediatric research, specifically the categories of “minimal risk” and a “minor increase over minimal risk.” Focusing primarily on the definition of “minimal risk,” we argue in this article that the continued debate about the pediatric risk categories is at least partly because their conceptual status is seldom considered directly. Once this is done, it becomes clear that the most popular strategy for interpreting “minimal risk”—defining it as a specific set of risks—is indefensible and, from a pragmatic perspective, unlikely to resolve disagreement. Primarily this is because judgments about minimal risk are both normative and heavily intuitive in nature and thus cannot easily be captured by reductions to a given set of risks. We suggest instead that a more defensible approach to evaluating risk should incorporate room for reflection and deliberation. This dispositional, deliberative framework can nonetheless accommodate a number of intellectual resources for reducing reliance on sheer intuition and improving the quality of risk evaluations.     

In search of African history: the re-appropriation of photographic archives by contemporary visual artists

The digital revolution has fundamentally changed our relationship to archives, by accelerating their “dusting off” and their re-appropriation, particularly in the art world. This article will show the ways in which some contemporary visual artists use new digital technologies to provide new ways of storing, reading and retrieving contemporary African history. Such artists do so by revisiting diverse forms of archives that are mainly photographic, and which were produced during the colonial and independence eras.     

Reconsidering the corporate narrative in U.S. PR history: A critique of Alfred Chandler's influence on PR historiography

This study explores the influence and dominance of Alfred Chandler Jr.’s theory of corporate development within public relations [PR] history. Chandler's work on late 19th Century corporate development is influential in PR historiography. PR oftentimes places its genesis in the late 19th Century corporate sphere to distance itself from press agentry. Examining critiques of Chandler's work on corporate development, this study argues that rooting PR in a corporate context does not provide legitimacy to PR practice and skews PR history to favor a corporate narrative. Implications for both history and normative PR theory development are discussed.     

中国史学史研究的国际视野

乔治忠认为,中国史学史学科体系的建设具有不同的构成层次,界定其学术任务和研究内容,展现学科性质的板块式逻辑结构,明晰学术研究的切入点,是独立学科地位能够成立的基础;探研中国传统史学发展的主导线索,划分中国史学的发展阶段,是在深入研究条件下的整体性把握。罗炳良认为,中国史学史的学科体系渐臻成熟,中国史学史研究也应当拓宽学术领域,促进史学史的内涵和体系不断深入和完善;要实现这个目标,至关重要的是加强史学思潮和史学批评范畴两个领域的研究。钱茂伟认为,需要用新的视角来研究史学史,一是用史学范型观照传统史学的发展历程,二是用国家与社会关系视角观照史学的发展历程;特别要重视研究民间史学,注重小历史的书写研究。朱政惠认为,中国史学史研究要放到国际中国史学史、东西方史学研究和交流的大环境中考察,从历史的纵向考察和横向的比较中探寻中国史学史研究的新方向。     

历史书写与记忆塑造(下)——古腾堡在近代中国

三清末民初编译、书写的西洋历史书籍及有关文类,虽然一般都称道古腾堡印刷术的贡献,将古腾堡印刷术与中国印刷术进行对比,但并没有将古腾堡印刷术导源于中国,尽管个别人曾将火药、罗盘这两大发明归于中国西传。然而,这样的历史书写模式并没有一以贯之。特别是在20世纪     

知识、权力与学科的合分——以浙大史地学系为中心(1936—1949)

1936—1949年浙江大学史地学系的组建与存废,无疑是民国学科史上较为特殊而重要的事件。受现代知识学科化和专业化的影响,彼时各大学多将历史学系与地理学系分置。竺可桢、张其昀则秉持"史地合一"的通才教育观,创建史地学系,下设史学与地学二组,既造就史学与地学的专门人才,又特重二者的关联,以达专精与通识之间的平衡。浙江大学史地学系不仅在组织结构、课程安排及学术活动等领域独树一帜,还培养了大量史学及地学方面的通才与专才。它的创建与存在是竺、张二人成功掌控了学术机关与思想资源后,贯彻其理念的必然产物。在1949年的政权更替中,竺、张二人相继离开浙江大学,最终导致历史学、地理学分离。浙江大学史地学系的意义,是在西方现代学科体系的影响之下,中国学界有识者面对现代学科体系冲击的一种创新与坚守。     

全球变暖与历史学发展的四个论题

气候变化科学对以人类为中心的人文主义史学具有重要影响。科学家关于气候变化的观点不仅挑战了人类支撑历史学这门学科的观念,而且挑战了后殖民与后帝国时代历史学家在过去20年来,回应战后非殖民地化与全球化势态时所运用的分析策略。现在的历史知识构建以人文主义史学关于人类历史与自然史古老区分的失效为历史学科的大前提,将人类视为一种地质力量的人类世观念严格限定了人文主义史学,要求资本主义历史与地球和人类进化的更大尺度的历史进行对话。有记载的历史与深层历史进行这种对话是一个探索历史理解界限的过程。