完善我国个人所得税制度的思考

费用扣除不合理,税率结构不科学,税收征管不力等是我国个人所得税制度存在的主要问题。应明确个税的税种归属,实行综合所得税制,调整税率结构,建立起有利于援助弱势群体的负所得税制度。     

新会计准则下企业会计政策选择的税务筹划

2006年颁布的新<企业会计准则>较旧准则有较大的变化,客观上影响了企业会计政策的具体选择.因此,遵循新会计准则的基本规定,从税收视角探讨企业具体会计政策的选择,有利于企业充分利用政策空间科学降低自身的税收负担.文章主要探讨存货计价方法、固定资产折旧方法和长期股权投资核算方法等会计政策选择的税务筹划.     

浅析我国碳税制度的构建

二氧化碳等温室气体的排放导致气候变暖已经成为世界各国普遍关注的问题。目前,世界各国纷纷出台相关制度,其中碳税的征收被国际社会公认是削减二氧化碳排放量的有效手段。作为《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《京都议定书》的缔约国,中国一直积极推动公约和议定书的实施,并取得了一定的成就,但任重道远,我国可以在深入研究的基础上,结合具体国情进行碳税制度的构建。     

环保税制下政府规制对企业减排的影响——基于演化博弈的分析

以新环保税制为背景,将环境保护税与政府其他环境规制行为结合起来,运用演化博弈理论,研究地方政府与排污企业的策略互动行为,并将公众举报纳入政府收益函数当中。基于地方政府及排污企业不同策略间净收益的大小,得到12种演化路径,以此为基础将企业减排创新的过程分为发展、成长和成熟期进行数值仿真。结果表明:政府监管强度对企业减排的影响程度视后者减排净收益大小而定,而前者强弱与否主要取决于监管成本的高低;企业减排发展初期过低的环保税率并不会引致企业进行减排技术创新;减排成长期的企业进行减排创新的决策则视政府策略而定;处于成熟期的减排企业则会主动进行减排技术创新。因此,在多种规制工具并行的前提下,政府应视企业所处发展周期的不同制定环保税率,同时辅以一定的税收减免和补贴力度,以降低企业治污成本,促使排污企业在生产过程中向减排技术创新演化。     

分税制以后我国财权配置问题实证研究

1994年推行的分税制是不彻底的,财权配置缺乏协调性和统一性,致使各级政府在公共产品和服务提供中责权利不对称。因此,需要调整财权配置,以保证事权和财权的统一。     

Control‐based imputation for sensitivity analyses in informative censoring for recurrent event data

In clinical trials, missing data commonly arise through nonadherence to the randomized treatment or to study procedure. For trials in which recurrent event endpoints are of interests, conventional analyses using the proportional intensity model or the count model assume that the data are missing at random, which cannot be tested using the observed data alone. Thus, sensitivity analyses are recommended. We implement the control‐based multiple imputation as sensitivity analyses for the recurrent event data. We model the recurrent event using a piecewise exponential proportional intensity model with frailty and sample the parameters from the posterior distribution. We impute the number of events after dropped out and correct the variance estimation using a bootstrap procedure. We apply the method to an application of sitagliptin study.     

Supply Chain Strategies and International Tax Arbitrage

What motivates the geographic footprint of the supply chains that multinational firms (MNFs) deploy? Traditional research in the operations and supply chain management literature tends to recommend locations primarily based on differentials in production costs and the ramifications of physical distance ignoring the role of taxation. MNFs that strategically position parts of their supply chains in low‐tax locations can allocate the profits across the divisions to improve post‐tax profits. For the profit allocation to be defensible to tax authorities, the divisional operations must possess real decision authority and bear meaningful risks. Generally speaking, the greater the transfer of risk and control, the larger the allowable allocation of profit. These transfers may also create inefficiencies due to misalignment of business goals and attitudes toward risk. We model these trade‐offs in the context of placing in a low‐tax region a subsidiary that oversees product distribution (as a limited risk distributor commissionnaire, limited risk distributor, or fully fledged distributor). Our analysis demonstrates that the MNF's preferences regarding the operating structures are not necessarily an obvious ordering based on the amount of risk and decision authority transferred to the division in the low‐tax jurisdiction. We derive and analyze threshold values of the performance parameters that describe the main trade‐offs involved in selecting an operating structure. We find some of the optimal decisions to exhibit interesting non‐monotone behavior. For instance, profits can increase when the tax rate in the low‐tax jurisdiction increases. Numerical analysis shows that the Limited‐Risk Distributor structure is rarely optimal and quantifies when each alternative dominates it.     

税法的政策功能分析

税收政策是国家经济管理职能与市场经济互动作用之下的产物,是国家宏观调控的根本性内容之一。税法是实现国家税收政策的根本手段,税法的功能蕴藏于税法的具体内容里,并反映于外在税法的作用之中。其中,税法最直接的、最基本的功能是借助税法的权威性以贯彻、落实和实现国家税收政策。从本质上说,税法的实施就是税收政策的实现。目前,我国税收制度架构显然不能体现税法与税收政策的内在联系。故对税法进行政策分析以适应市场经济的发展,迫在眉睫。     

浅议当前宏观经济政策的调整

积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策对拉动我国经济增长起到了重要作用。随着财政赤字的增大和降息空间的缩小 ,应适当地调整和充实财政政策的内容 ,把以政府支出为主的财政政策转变为以减税为主的财政政策 ,同时实施更为积极、灵活的货币政策。