油气资源开发中的资源耗竭补偿标准

油气资源是可耗竭性资源,过度开采会损害子孙后代的利益。因此,油气资源税费体系应增加反映油气资源耗竭补偿的税费,以维护代际公平。油气资源耗竭补偿标准是研究油气资源耗竭补偿的难点和重点。采用使用者成本法对油气资源耗竭补偿标准进行研究,折现率和开采年限是两个重要参数。折现率选择时间偏好率,避免主观选择的随意性,开采年限应考虑新增储量。以中国2000—2014年数据测算,油气资源耗竭补偿标准为15%~22%,标准偏高。原因主要有两个:人均消费增长率偏高和开采年限偏低。     

An Institutional Analysis of the Multi-layered Characteristics of Social Organizations in China

The actual state of affairs of Chinese social organizations and the latest theoretical findings on the subject indicate that independence and autonomy are concepts that are interrelated but not fundamentally interchangeable; their actual organizational relationship is complex and varied. Exploration of the relationship between the two concepts is a necessary step in the construction and improvement of a rule-based interpretation of the characteristics of Chinese social organizations. Combining resource dependence theory with the institutional logics perspective enables us to analyze the multiple mechanisms influencing the relationship between independence and autonomy at the organizational level and to test for these mechanisms using a mixed methods research design. Our empirical findings indicate that social organizations gain greater autonomy when they have greater independence from government resources and when they strongly identify, structurally and behaviorally, with classical third sector theory. Organizations’ behavioral identification can regulate the relationship between independence and autonomy. Further case studies support the value of the above findings. This shows that other mechanisms can often replace, offset or constrain the effects of resource dependence. In the real world, no single fixed theory can cover the independence-autonomy relationship.     

资源需求与交易成本对服务外包治理机制的作用——基于N公司的案例研究

提出了服务外包中双方的交易治理机制由客户需要的资源类型以及交易成本共同决定,并建立了需要探究的理论框架。以N公司所实施的4个不同的软件服务外包项目为研究对象,详细分析了各个项目所需求的资源、交易成本情况与项目实施中的具体治理机制之间的关系。根据案例研究结果,提出了在不同资源需求(被操作性资源与操作性资源)以及不同交易成本(交易成本低与交易成本高)时可供选择的交易治理机制。     

人力资源管理对组织支持动态作用机制模型的构建

在构建组织与员工复合视角下人力资源管理对组织支持单阶段作用机制模型的基础上,结合员工视角下二者的动态发展变化与企业建立反馈机制的需求,构建了员工视角下人力资源管理对组织支持作用的多阶段动态纵向作用模型。然后,结合上述复合型视角和动态思想,构建了复合型视角下人力资源管理对组织支持作用机制多阶段动态模型,为揭示企业人力资源管理、组织支持和员工行为提供了更为全面、动态的研究框架,也为下一步进行实验和实证研究指明了方向。     

Effects of Central Decisions on Local Livelihoods in Indonesia: Potential Synergies Between the Programs of Transmigration and Industrial Forest Conversion

In addition to well-documented negative effects (e.g., environmental degradation and ethnic conflict) Indonesia's central government programs of transmigration and industrial forest management subvert indigenous rights (even if unintentionally) through appropriation of forested land and migrant subsidies. Although central control can be an effective strategy for resource management, Indonesia's programs have undercut their own objectives and may interact synergistically to increase population pressure, reduce available land, and intensify land use conflicts on the outer islands. Empirical data are needed to evaluate the interactions between transmigration and forest conversion and to design appropriate management strategies that incorporate local as well as central controls.     

Differential diet breadths and species coexistence in leafroller-hunting eumenid wasps

Summary There are, at least, three possible ways in which similar species coexist; resource partitioning, interference competition, and exploitation competition. Here, I investigated which way contributed to the coexistence of leafroller-hunting eumenid wasp species. Resource partitioning and, in addition, differential diet breadths proved to promote species coexistence in this case. First, I analyze the prey records and diet overlap of four eumenid species in a local area. The larger two eumenids hunted similar-sized prey items and had similar potential taxonomic prey uses. But the diet breadth of the subsocial eumenid was much wider than that of the solitary one. As a result, the diet overlap between the two large eumenids decreased. This was because the solitary eumenid attend repeatedly to the same hunting site inhabited by one abundant prey species, while the subsocial one made random hunting. On the other hand, the two medium-sized eumenids partitioned resources according to prey size. Secondly, I related these results to prey choice by several other species of eumenid obtained from literature sources. Ten Japanese common eumenids were divided into four groups according to their prey size. In each of the four groups, 2 to 3 wasp species differentiated the habitat (1 group) or coexisted by means of differential diet breadths (parallel with differential sociality, 2 groups). Contribution to the ecological studies of the eumenid wasps. III.     

吉林省人才资源状况分析与对策研究

振兴吉林,人才资源是关键。吉林省未来10年,人才资源总量与结构均不能满足经济社会发展的需要。为此,从调整用人机制出发,吸引人才到吉林发展,至关重要。     

Evolution and physiological consequences of de-alation in crickets

Wing shedding or de-alation is a common phenomenon among crickets. Its significance and effects on other traits were examined based on the results from experiments using artifical or natural de-alation. Artificial de-alation at adult emergence induces rapid egg production and flight muscle histolysis in several species examined. However, natural de-alation does not always shorten the pre-ovipositional period because it does not occur immediately after adult emergence and because oviposition starts before de-alation. In some cases, naturally de-alated females produce more eggs than to intact females during early adult life, but peak ovipositing activity occurs before de-alation. Therefore, retention of the hindwings does not suppress high ovipositing activity in such cases. It appears that de-alation is a result rather than a causal factor in ending migration. Ovarian development and flight muscle histolysis, which can be stimulated by de-alation, are controlled by the jevenile hormone, but the mechanism inducing de-alation remains unknown. The possible factors leading to the evolution of de-alation are discussed.     

How is life history variation generated from the genetic resource allocation?

A simple quantitative genetic model is proposed to explain the observed genetic correlation structure of a bruchid beetleCallosobruchus chinensis in terms of two underlying variables: the resource acquisition and the resource allocation. Heritabilities and genetic correlations among age-specific, fecundities are regarded as consequences of genetic variations of the two variables. Genetic correlations are predominantly positive in both predictions and observations. Nonetheless, comparison between observed and predicted values in heritabilities, genetic correlations, and genetic principal components suggested significant genetic variances both of the resource allocation and the resource acquisition. The prediction of the model is discussed in relation, to experimental tests of trade-off in life history evolution.     

高新技术企业成长期人力资源管理研究

高新技术企业人力资源配置状况随生命周期的不同阶段体现出不同特征,这就要求企业在不同的生命周期阶段制定不同的人力资源发展策略。高新技术企业在进入成长期后企业市场迅速扩大,规模急剧扩张,发展目标也从初创期的生存目标走向发展目标,而这时原有的企业人力资源发展策略,成为企业发展的瓶颈。因此,人力资源策略的改进,成为高新技术企业成长期企业发展的先决条件。