我国减灾农业发展的形势和对策

我国农业减灾面临严峻形势,每年发生的农业灾害都造成重大损失,通过发展减灾农业才能确保我国社会经济持续稳定地增长.我国农业减灾系统建设已初见成效,今后的主要任务是进一步完善农业减灾系统的结构和功能,提高农业减灾的技术水平,加强灾害教育工作,增加减灾资金投入.     

中国煤炭产能过剩致因机理与治理政策研究评述

受资源、安全、科技、环保、效益和国际化等因素的约束,煤炭科学产能日益成为引导市场供需平衡的关键因素和竞争利器。对煤炭科学产能的概念界定、产能过剩的致因机理及其调控政策等进行较为全面的文献梳理及研究,研究表明: (1)现有研究混淆了产品过剩、生产过剩与产能过剩的概念,煤炭科学产能建设应综合考虑资源、环境、经济、科技、安全的约束;(2)当前针对煤炭产能过剩的测度多是基于主观的判断或单一指标的分析,科学的、定量的实证分析几乎空白,数据缺失是其根本性障碍;(3)针对煤炭产能过剩成因机理的研究尚未形成一个逻辑性的分析框架,未来应基于利益相关主体的视角从企业逐利行为、地方发展冲动、市场供需变化以及中央与地方利益博弈等层面予以分析;(4)基于科学产能、可持续有效调控的政策体系形成机制需要设计,特别是根据资源、安全、科技、环保、效益等复合目标,煤炭产能调控的利益相关方的协调开发机制尚需完善。     

Cost‐Reducing Innovation and the Role of Patent Intermediaries in Increasing Market Efficiency

Patent intermediaries have gained importance as non‐practicing entities in the innovation domain, buying innovations from an external provider and then licensing them to practicing firms. In this study, we analyze the competition between two identical incumbent firms and a patent intermediary for the acquisition and licensing of a cost‐reducing innovation developed by an external innovator. We show that the outcome of the IP acquisition and licensing game critically depends on the degree of the cost‐reducing innovation. Patent intermediaries win IP rights in patent markets if the innovation is incremental. They also win the IP rights when the innovation is moderate or radical, providing they have significant efficiency advantages over incumbent firms and the uncertainty about the degree of innovation is low. We also show that patent intermediaries serve to make markets more efficient. When the innovation is incremental or moderate, they help ensure a lower cost of production and a lower price for customers, and when the innovation is radical, they help increase the profits of the incumbent firms.     

When and how much do average forecasts improve predictive accuracy

A composite forecast combines two or more individual forecasts into a single estimate by way of a number of different averaging schemes. The easiest way to combine forecasts is through using a simple average. In this paper, the authors show that in many instances the simple average of individual forecasts approximates the optimal combining scheme. Results are expressed in terms of the probability that a composite forecast will improve upon an individual forecast.     

Importance of Self-Forgiveness and Social Support in Potentially Reducing Loneliness in Men Who Have Sex with Men

Abstract

Higher levels of loneliness in men who have sex with men (MSM) are associated with negative outcomes such as depression, anxiety, and sexual impulsivity. By identifying what may reduce loneliness in MSM, counselors and public health professionals can alleviate the distress of their clients. A significant hierarchical multiple regression controlling for relationship status, F(9, 105)?=?16.36, p?<?0.001, R² = .62, indicated that higher levels of self-forgiveness (β?=??.19, p?=?.04) and perceived social support (β?=??.49, p?<?.001) predicted lower levels of loneliness in MSM. Implications and limitations are discussed.     

过热蒸汽与稠油之间的水热裂解实验

高温水热裂解实验一般都是在稠油与高温高压热水间进行，而过热蒸汽与稠油间的水热裂解反应目前尚无研究。为了展开此项研究，在调研的基础上设计了一种可变体积的高温高压反应釜替换定体积反应釜，实现了稠油过热蒸汽下的水热裂解实验。通过该设备实验研究了不同温度、不同含水量条件下过热蒸汽对稠油水热裂解的影响规律。实验结果表明，原油与过热蒸汽之间发生了明显的水热裂解反应。进一步分析可知，水热裂解反应后，原油黏度降低，饱和烃与芳香烃增加，胶质、沥青质含量降低，原油中的碳原子含量降低，氢原子含量明显增加，硫原子含量减小。随着含水量的增加，反应后原油的黏度先减小后增加，含水量为30%时，原油黏度最小。     

空气分级燃烧降低锅炉NOx排放的试验研究

本文介绍了乌拉山电厂３＃ 锅炉实施空气分级燃烧改造前后炉膛温度、过剩空气系数、热效率、排烟中ＮＯｘ 浓度变化等的测试数据，并对结果进行了分析讨论．     

促进节能减排的财税政策选择

指出实现节能减排有助于转变中国经济增长方式,实现国民经济"又好又快"发展,同时基于能源和资源开采、加工、运输、消费等环节,就促进节能减排工作提出财政和税收政策选择。     

基于演化博弈的光伏产业财政补贴政策转型研究

近年来,我国光伏产业产能过剩问题日益突出,而政府财政补贴政策的不健全是产生这一问题的重要原因。文章首先分析了我国光伏产业财政补贴政策存在的事前补贴、一刀切、缺乏创新激励和缺乏事后监督等几种突出的问题的具体表现。在此基础上,文章运用演化博弈的分析工具分别对这几个问题产生的原因进行了深入分析,并据此提出了我国光伏产业财政补贴政策转型的政策建议。     

Book Reviews

Abstract

The Other Victims: First-Person Stories of Non-Jews Persecuted by the Nazis by Ina R. Friedman. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. 1990. 176 pages. Reviewed by Samuel Totten.