现象学的方法特征——关于现象学与人类学、心理学之间关系的思考

可以通过揭示现象学与人类学和心理学的关系来说明现象学的特殊领域和特殊方法。具体地说,从现象学与人类学的关系来说明现象学的先验还原方法及其必要性;从现象学与心理学的关系来说明本质还原(本质直观、观念直观)方法及其必要性。如果将现象学看作某种意义上的心而上学,那么它一方面有别于实证心理学,另一方面也有别于思辨心理学和超心理学。     

Uncertainty Analysis for Functional Computer Output: A Simulation Study in Inverse Problems

Computer models with functional output are omnipresent throughout science and engineering. Most often the computer model is treated as a black-box and information about the underlying mathematical model is not exploited in statistical analyses. Consequently, general-purpose bases such as wavelets are typically used to describe the main characteristics of the functional output. In this article we advocate for using information about the underlying mathematical model in order to choose a better basis for the functional output. To validate this choice, a simulation study is presented in the context of uncertainty analysis for a computer model from inverse Sturm-Liouville problems.     

Functional Partial Linear Single‐index Model

This paper deals with the problem of predicting the real‐valued response variable using explanatory variables containing both multivariate random variable and random curve. The proposed functional partial linear single‐index model treats the multivariate random variable as linear part and the random curve as functional single‐index part, respectively. To estimate the non‐parametric link function, the functional single‐index and the parameters in the linear part, a two‐stage estimation procedure is proposed. Compared with existing semi‐parametric methods, the proposed approach requires no initial estimation and iteration. Asymptotical properties are established for both the parameters in the linear part and the functional single‐index. The convergence rate for the non‐parametric link function is also given. In addition, asymptotical normality of the error variance is obtained that facilitates the construction of confidence region and hypothesis testing for the unknown parameter. Numerical experiments including simulation studies and a real‐data analysis are conducted to evaluate the empirical performance of the proposed method.     

Vine copula constructions of higher-dimensional dependent reliability systems

Copulas have proved to be very successful tools for the flexible modeling of dependence. Bivariate copulas have been deeply researched in recent years, while building higher-dimensional copulas is still recognized to be a difficult task. In this paper, we study the higher-dimensional dependent reliability systems using a type of decomposition called “vine,” by which a multivariate distribution can be decomposed into a cascade of bivariate copulas. Some equations of system reliability for parallel, series, and k-out-of-n systems are obtained and then decomposed based on C-vine and D-vine copulas. Finally, a shutdown system is considered to illustrate the results obtained in the paper.     

Generalized correlation and kernel causality with applications in development economics

New generalized correlation measures of 2012, GMC(Y|X), use Kernel regressions to overcome the linearity of Pearson's correlation coefficients. A new matrix of generalized correlation coefficients is such that when |r*_ij| > |r*_ji|, it is more likely that the column variable X_j is what Granger called the “instantaneous cause” or what we call “kernel cause” of the row variable X_i. New partial correlations ameliorate confounding. Various examples and simulations support robustness of new causality. We include bootstrap inference, robustness checks based on the dependence between regressor and error, and on the out-of-sample forecasts. Data for 198 countries on nine development variables support growth policy over redistribution and Deaton's criticism of foreign aid. Potential applications include Big Data, since our R code is available in the online supplementary material.     

上海生活垃圾减量化机制问题研究

开展生活垃圾减量化机制研究,使更多的垃圾作为"二次资源"进入新的产品生产循环,从而减少最终排放到环境中的垃圾数量,确保上海的可持续发展。     

Exercising Property Rights to Pollute: Do Cancer Risks and Politics Affect Plant Emission Reductions?

This paper examines whether firms' decisions about reductions in toxic emissions depend on the magnitude of dangers arising from their pollution and on who bears pollutant risks. Controlling for the quantity of air toxics released in 1988, this article finds that plants whose emissions generated higher numbers of expected cancer cases did reduce their emissions more between 1988 and 1991. The nature of the community bearing the pollution risk also affected firm decisions. The higher the voter turnout in the area, a proxy for residents' likelihood of collective action, the greater the reductions in a plant's release of air carcinogens.     

胡塞尔生活世界的两种含义——兼谈欧洲科学与人的危机及其克服

胡塞尔所说的“生活世界”有两种含义:一是作为经验实在的客观生活世界,一是作为纯粹先验现象的主观生活世界,二者之间隔着一道先验还原的界限。不同意义上的“生活世界”与科学及人的生存的关系也不同:在胡塞尔看来,前者是近代科学产生的基础,也是造成科学“危机”与人的“危机”的根源;后者则有可能为我们提供一条克服这种危机的途径。     

考虑排放许可与交易的生产优化

本文旨在研究排放许可与交易机制对排放依赖性企业生产策略的影响。生产商可通过三种渠道获得排放许可:政府配额、市场交易和净化处理,并在不同渠道间取得平衡。本文分析了净化处理成本的特点,分别对确定净化水平与可控净化水平情况展开讨论,建立企业生产优化模型,得到了有排放限额下的最优生产策略。通过分析模型,得到了优先选择净化处理的充分必要条件,即"存在净化空间";此外还证实了最优策略的唯一存在性。最后通过数值分析说明了本文模型的应用,并采用灵敏度分析对参数影响加以分析。