遗传规划研究与应用中的若干问题

简要介绍了遗传规划的基本内容,结合具体例子论述了遗传规划成功应用的实际领域的特征,指出研究与应用遗传规划时常见的两个问题,并从理论上给出了相应的对策,以期提高遗传规划的效率     

Defense Resource Distribution Between Protection and Redundancy for Constant Resource Stockpiling Pace

The article considers the optimal resource distribution in a parallel system between increasing protection and providing redundancy in a situation when the attacker's and defender's resources are stockpiling and the resource increment rate is constant. It is assumed that the system must perform within an exogenously given time horizon and the attack time probability is uniformly distributed along this horizon. The defender optimizes the resource distribution in order to minimize the system destruction probability during the time horizon. First, we find the optimal pace of construction of the new redundant elements assuming that the construction must start in the initial stage of the stockpiling process. We show that starting construction of new elements in the beginning of the system's existence results in its high initial vulnerability. Introducing the time delay before starting the construction can reduce the initial system vulnerability and the entire system destruction probability. The problem of optimization of time delay and new element construction pace is considered with and without constraint on the initial system vulnerability. Examples illustrating the methodology of the optimal defense strategy analysis are presented.     

Construct redundancy in leader behaviors: A review and agenda for the future

Leadership remains a popular and heavily researched area in the social sciences. Such popularity has led to a proliferation of new constructs within the leadership domain. Here, we argue that such construct proliferation without pruning is unhealthy and violates the principle of parsimony. Our purpose was to examine construct redundancy via a comprehensive review of task-oriented, relational, passive, and inspirational leader behaviors as well as values-based and moral leadership behaviors. Our findings, as indexed via meta-analytic correlations, reveal that construct redundancy remains problematic for the leadership literature. In addition, many of the values-based and moral behavior models correlated heavily with constructs traditionally examined as outcome variables (e.g., trust, LMX, justice). Implications for future research are discussed in regards to construct redundancy and how to avoid endogeneity bias in primary studies in the leadership literature.     

英语冗余的多维功能分析

冗余信息普遍存在于语言中。英语语言符号系统本身及语言符号使用过程(即语言交际)中均存在大量冗余。在语言交际中,冗余在诸多层面上均显示出独特的功能。语义层面上:(1)具有特殊的语义内涵;(2)规避歧义的信息误导。语用层面上:(1)增强语言的礼貌程度;(2)凸显会话的幽默效果;(3)营造和谐的社交氛围;(4)促成交际的顺畅进行。修辞层面上,可增强语言的表达效果。     

论冗余在同声传译中的价值

冗余作为语言固有的特征对同声传译有着重要的价值。它对同传译员接受和理解发言、记忆及译语产出的顺利进行起到了不可忽视的积极作用。     

中国英语学习者SO的缺省和冗余失误分析

采用语料库r研究方法,利用中国学习者者英语语料库,分析研究中国学习者在使用并列连词SO时所犯的缺省和冗余两类失误,探讨SO冗余失误的几种类型及其背后的原因,并据此提出一些可供英语教学参考的建议。     

英语中的冗余信息和听力理解

听力理解过程中存在的种种干扰因素常常造成部分信息丢失,影响了听力理解的效果,而语言固有的冗余信息又为成功的听力理解提供了条件。掌握和了解英语中的冗余信息对英语学习者提高听力水平和听力教师提高教学水平能提供一定的帮助。     

合同英语中某些“赘述”现象的语用分析

在英语合同中经常出现同/近义词叠加现象的语用特征,根据语言的交际规则,两个意义相同或相近的词出现在一个句子中被视为赘述。通过对摘录的语料实例进行语用分析,从而探索此种现象在特殊语境中的合理使用,以区别于意义重复。     

论违约救济

各国法律及有关国际公约对违约救济的主要方式都作了明确的规定,但由于各国的社会、文化、历史背景不同,其规定既有相通之处又有明显差异。随着市场经济的发展和商品的繁荣,违约所造成的损失很容易为金钱赔偿所弥补,故损害赔偿日益成为最广泛、最主要的救济方式,而为各国法律所普遍确认。     

纳西东巴文中的简省和羡余

简省和羡余是文字发展过程中一个较为普遍的现象,纳西东巴文虽属较为原始的古文字系统,但同样存在这两种情况,本文拟把纳西东巴文中简省和羡余作一分类描述,初步归纳出导致纳西东巴文简省和羡余的特点和原因,为纳西东巴文及普通文字学的研究提供参考。