Risk preferences after a typhoon: An artefactual field experiment with fishers in the Philippines

When are risk preferences stable and when do they change? In general, individual preferences tend to be consistent across time and space but extreme shocks, such as natural disasters, appear to change how people make economic decisions. We conduct an artefactual field experiment with fishers on a remote island in the Philippines and investigate the effect of Typhoon Bopha on risk preferences, along with fairness and time preferences. The typhoon destroyed coral reefs and reduced populations of fish, weakening food security. Comparing individuals from communities that were directly hit by the typhoon with those that were not, we observe evidence that those affected by the typhoon are less risk averse. Stratifying our sample by gender, we observe strong evidence that females affected by the typhoon are more risk-loving than females unaffected by the typhoon. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that extreme negative events cause individuals to be more willing to accept greater risk in return for a larger financial reward.     

Educational assortative mating: a micro‐educational approach

This article presents a new way of analysing educational assortative mating patterns, using a detailed ‘micro‐educational’ classification capturing both hierarchical and horizontal forms of educational differentiation. Taking advantage of rich Danish population data, we apply log‐linear models that include four ways of measuring educational homogamy patterns: (a) by returns to education, (b) by macro‐education (five aggregated levels), (c) by field of study (16 categories), and (d) by a disaggregated micro‐educational classification, combining levels and fields of study (54 groups). Our results show declines in educational homogamy from 1984 to 2013, but the odds ratios of being educationally homogamous at the university college and university levels remain of substantial magnitude, by both the macro‐ and micro‐educational measures. The micro‐educational classification outperforms all other measures in explaining the associations in the homogamy tables. The income measure (‘returns to education’) does a particularly poor job of explaining homogamy patterns from 1984 to 2013.     

Community college field placement internships: supervisors’ perspectives and recommendations

ABSTRACT

Community College human services students represent the future social service workforce. The defining feature of their training is 250 h supervised field placement internship. Despite burgeoning research describing best practices for supervision of Bachelors of social work (BSW) and Masters of social work (MSW), there is no research aimed at supervision for community college students, leaving a gap in our understanding of best practices for supporting community college students’ pedagogy and sustaining partnerships with agencies. This exploratory study offers recommendations for best practices supported by our discovery of the benefits, challenges, and strategies involved with offering community college student internships in New York City human services agencies. We analyzed data from semi-structured interviews with 30 field supervisors through qualitative content analysis. Community college students and agencies both benefit substantially from the field placement, however agencies identified significant social and structural challenges specific to working with community college students that require interventions for both field supervisors and students alike. Suggested interventions aimed at improving supervisor training, procedures for focusing goals of supervision sessions, assisting students in meeting their academic and social needs, as well as supporting supervisors’ professional goals to promote best practices are proposed.     

Waiting for Godot? On some of the obstacles for developing counter-forces in higher education

In the name of the imperatives of the knowledge-economy, the European public university has been under attack since the beginning of the 2000s. Everywhere in Europe, budgets have been cut and departments considered as being useless eliminated. Reactions have been weak. How can this be explained? How can one challenge the dominant discourse on higher education? This article explores some of the power dynamics that prevent alternative visions from developing.     

Enhancing social work student learning: converging Bronfenbrenner,Bourdieu and practice learning

ABSTRACT

Social work student field placements can be complex, challenging and demanding for the practice educator and student. In this paper a model of practice education is explored that incorporates the theoretical constructs of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological framework and Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus, capital and field. Through the application of these constructs, the practice educator can enhance the student’s learning and development in three distinctive ways. These will be explored and presented as a model that facilitates the practice educator in supporting the student during their placement and in the preparation for professional practice.     

自觉治理：公共危机基层社会共治的行为动机及作用逻辑

现代化使人类社会处在风险中，正处于社会转型期的中国所面临的公共危机风险也层出不穷，公共危机治理中，基层社会共治的意义日益凸显。在这次新冠肺炎疫情暴发公共危机中，N市的多元治理主体在情感场域影响下组成了治理共同体，开展的基层社会共治成效显著。在公共危机治理中引入情感场域维度，构建了自觉治理的理论框架。政府和社会可以营造更广泛的情感场域，构建多元社会治理共同体，开展更广泛、更科学、更高效的自觉治理，推动社会治理的共建、共治、共享和共荣，最终达成良政善治。     

高校网络舆论场主导权的内在生成研究

高校网络舆论场主导权的内在生成是由生成主体、内容、载体和客体的协同运行所决定的。 在其生成机理的演进中, 信源“编码”是逻辑起点,信道“译码”是逻辑展开,信宿“解码”是逻辑归宿,三者之间相互联系、相互依存,共同构成有机统一 的逻辑体系。 为保障高校网络舆论场主导权的良性生成,要重组生成主体、重构生成内容、重建生成载体、重振生成客体,增 强高校网络舆论场主导权的引导力和感召力,占领高校网络舆论高地,保障高校网络意识形态安全。     

Lévy‐based Modelling in Brain Imaging

Abstract. A substantive problem in neuroscience is the lack of valid statistical methods for non‐Gaussian random fields. In the present study, we develop a flexible, yet tractable model for a random field based on kernel smoothing of a so‐called Lévy basis. The resulting field may be Gaussian, but there are many other possibilities, including random fields based on Gamma, inverse Gaussian and normal inverse Gaussian (NIG) Lévy bases. It is easy to estimate the parameters of the model and accordingly to assess by simulation the quantiles of test statistics commonly used in neuroscience. We give a concrete example of magnetic resonance imaging scans that are non‐Gaussian. For these data, simulations under the fitted models show that traditional methods based on Gaussian random field theory may leave small, but significant changes in signal level undetected, while these changes are detectable under a non‐Gaussian Lévy model.     

Kernel Estimators for Distribution Functions on Dependent Random Fields

Consider observations (representing lifelengths) taken on a random field indexed by lattice points. Estimating the distribution function F(x) = P(X _i  ≤ x) is an important problem in survival analysis. We propose to estimate F(x) by kernel estimators, which take into account the smoothness of the distribution function. Under some general mixing conditions, our estimators are shown to be asymptotically unbiased and consistent. In addition, the proposed estimator is shown to be strongly consistent and sharp rates of convergence are obtained.     

Kernel Estimators for Additive Models with Dependent Observations from Random Fields

Nonparametric estimation of the regression function for additive models is investigated in cases where the observed data are dependent. An additive kernel estimator for the regression function under some general mixing conditions is proposed. Under the mixing conditions, the additive kernel estimator is shown to be asymptotically normal.