论积极财政政策淡出的基本条件

积极的财政政策已经实施了五年,对于推动经济增长起到了积极作用。目前,该政策是否应该"淡出",应视我国经济发展的条件而定。因为实施积极的财政政策是由国民经济与社会发展的客观存在决定的,而不是人们主观意愿的产物。在未具备"淡出"条件下"淡出",对经济发展不会带来好的作用。     

依法治国与以德治国简论

依法治国与以德治国相结合的治国方略的提出 ,是我党对马克思主义国家学说的丰富和贡献 ,对于建设一个富强、民主和文明的社会主义现代化国家具有重大的现实意义和深刻的历史意义。本文从不同角度探讨了该治国方略的必要性和科学性 ,并对其具体实施途径作了部分探索     

货币政策规则的理论发展与启示

货币政策规则(尤其是"泰勒规则")自被提出以来,就深受关注,并在与"相机抉择"的政策决策原则的交锋中不断得到发展。现在的货币政策规则不再局限于货币当局设定固定的货币工具变量的狭隘涵义,而是指货币政策行为的一种指令性的向导,具体包括工具规则与目标规则。经济学家相信,与相机决策相比,规则性的政策能有效减少货币政策的动态不一致性。但是,现阶段在中国建立货币政策规则,尤其是实行通货膨胀目标规则的货币政策的条件并不成熟,而加快金融、财政和计划体制的改革,提高中央银行的独立性,增强政策的透明度,努力提高央行货币政策的一致性的信誉,则是我国的当务之急。     

Are Some Risk Comparisons More Effective Under Conflict?: A Replication and Extension of Roth et al.

Despite many claims for and against the use of risk comparisons in risk communication, few empirical studies have explored their effect. Only one study, published by Roth et al. in this journal in 1990, has tested the 1988 predictions by Covello et al. as to the public's relative preferences for 14 kinds of risk comparisons as they might be used by a factory manager to explain risks of his ethylene oxide plant. That study found no correlations between the Covello predictions and seven different measures of "acceptability" of Covello's examples of each type of comparison. However, two critics of the Roth study, as well as its own authors, suggested that a scenario involving local risks, a conflict-ridden situation, and a plant manager unknown to the townspeople might better evoke Covello-like preferences than the distant, calm, friends-involving scenario used by Roth. The research reported here replicated the Roth study using the same scenario, risk comparison examples, and evaluation measures, and added a second scenario intended to replicate the conditions suggested by critics. Over 200 New Jersey residents answered the study questionnaire. The replication scenario reproduced Roth's results, and the conflict scenario also evoked no rankings correlated with Covello's predictions. Furthermore, neither agreement nor disagreement with five statements representing "conflict"--respondents' reports that the industrial-plant scenario made them angry, they lived near industry, they were concerned about industrial risks, people in their home town were angry about industrial pollution, and they worried "frequently" about long-term effects of pollution--correlated with Covello's predictions. Over half of all ratings ascribed to the comparisons in aggregate were positive, and most detailed comments offered by respondents also were positive, despite many criticisms and suggestions for their improvement. The wide variability in individuals' rankings also undermines the notion of any single ranking of preferred comparisons. These findings have implications for use of risk comparisons, but also reveal the inaccuracy of the field's assumptions about public reaction to industrial risk information, including risk comparison.     

Democratic Implications of Public Organizations

The author suggests a Weberian methodology, based on theories of democracy and organization, for assessing normative implications of public organizations. How different organizational models contribute to (re)create democracy and legitimacy is scrutinized with reference to a Swedish IT program. The conclusion is that a system management organization will be an appropriate choice for dealing with tame problems, but it will at the same time promote an elitist democratization. In contrast, a development organization will be more appropriate in dealing with complex problems, and it will most likely promote discursive democratization.     

论民族实业家卢作孚的教育追求

卢作孚是深受辛亥革命熏陶的民主主义者 ,世所公认的爱国实业家、教育家和社会活动家。其教育经历包括两个阶段 :早年 ,以“教育救国”为职志 ,致力于川南新教育试验和成都通俗教育民众教育试验 ,奠定了他新文化传播者与教育改革家的基本地位 ;中后期以“现代化”理论为指导 ,推进北碚乡村教育建设和民生公司学校化运动 ,成为区域教育现代化建设的杰出先驱和业绩突出的职业教育家。     

建国后西部工业布局对西部现代化的影响

中华人民共和国成立以来,国家对西部有过两次大规模的开发建设,即五十年代的"一五"时期和六七十年代的"三线"建设时期的建设.尽管两次大规模建设的出发点和目的不尽相同,但国家对西部都给予了很多关注,大量投资,抽调大量人力物力到西部,使经济落后的西部较快地追赶东部,促进了西部社会的现代化.同时,这些举措对西部今天的现代化建设也有些负面影响,这些影响是我们在西部大开发中必须直面的问题.     

论邓小平关于共同富裕的重要思想

全面分析了邓小平同志关于共同富裕的重要思想,着重论述了邓小平同志关于"共同致富,将来总有一天要成为中心课题"的思想,以及现阶段突出地提出和解决共同富裕问题的条件和意义.     

高等教育大众化进程中的区域发展问题初探

回顾了我国 194 9年以来高等教育向大众化进军的三个历史阶段的区域发展战略 ,并分析了这三个阶段我国高等教育区域发展战略的效用 ,进而提出了当前以发展自学考试和远程教育来解决落后地区、农村贫困人口接受高等教育机会问题 ,以促进我国高等教育大众化进程的观点。     

关于推进农业区域专业化生产的思考

农业区域专业化生产是现代农业的生产方式之一 ,是农业生产领域中分工与专业化发展在地域空间上的表现。逐步推进我国农业区域专业化生产对我国农业区域产业结构调整具有极为重要的意义 ,应作为我国农业生产区域布局调整的一个战略方向 ,各级政府对此都应予以高度重视并给予大力支持。