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81.
The Big Five personality factors and team performance: implications for selecting successful product design teams 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In the pursuit of faster product development, product design teams are a growing phenomenon in many organizations. In order to be successful, these teams must be composed of people who work well together. However, despite the benefit of selecting the optimal combination of team members, this topic has received little attention. Personality has been identified as a potentially helpful selection variable in the determination of optimal team composition. This study examines the relationships between the ‘Big Five’ personality factors (Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Openness to Experience) and objective team performance for three-member product design teams. In addition to this, the potential incremental contribution of personality to the variance in team performance over that accounted for by established selection measures such as general cognitive ability was investigated. In the short duration of the study, it became apparent that some teams were capable of success, and some were not. Successful teams were characterized by higher levels of general cognitive ability, higher extraversion, higher agreeableness, and lower neuroticism than their unsuccessful counterparts. In successful teams, the heterogeneity of conscientiousness was negatively related to increments in product performance. Implications for the selection of product design teams and future directions for research are discussed. 相似文献
82.
在分析了聚合物驱提高采收率技术在实际应用中的局限性基础上,提出了采用就地起泡形成泡沫的泡沫增强聚合物体系以减小聚合物沿大通道窜流的问题。为了有效确定该体系的配方,实验中采用了均匀设计实验方法安排实验,并运用DPS数据处理软件对实验数据进行了二次多项式逐步回归处理,找出了影响该体系性能的主要因素。 相似文献
83.
包装不仅是商品的载体,也是品牌信息和情感体验的载体,是商品与消费者之间的信息沟通桥梁及商品体验营销的实现手段。以某护肤品包装设计为例,阐述了基于情感体验的本能层、行为层、反思层上的具体设计实践。同时,选取情感互动性、方便性、功能性、效率性、识别性5个评价指标,使用模糊综合评判法构建包装设计评价模型,对两个设计方案进行评价。方案一的评价结果为“良”,方案二的评价结果为“优”。 相似文献
84.
刘闫锋 《陕西学前师范学院学报》2018,34(12):118-120
随着教育事业的发展,高校教职工上缴个人所得税的数量因收入的增长也有很大的提升,教职工也越来越关注纳税筹划的问题,如何在国家税收法律法规的允许范围内合理节税,运用科学的筹划方法减轻高校教职工的负担。本文通过介绍纳税筹划的相关理论,针对不同的工薪种类提出纳税筹划方法。 相似文献
85.
《Omega》2014
In this paper, we present an access network design problem with end-to-end quality of service (QoS) requirement. The problem can be conceptualized as a two-level hierarchical location-allocation problem on the tree topology with nonlinear side constraints. The objective function of the nonlinear mixed integer programming model minimizes the total cost of switch and fiber cable, while satisfying demand within the prescribed level of QoS. By exploiting the inherent structure of the nonlinear QoS constraints, we develop linearization techniques for finding an optimal solution. Also, we devise an effective exact optimal algorithm within the context of disjunctive constraint generation. We present promising computational results that demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution procedure. 相似文献
86.
The present study uses the concept of technological efficacy derived from ecological psychology and design studies to offer an alternative way of analyzing how policy instruments affect change. Reasoning from this, the paper outlines a framework for analyzing policy instruments in terms of their affordances. We define affordances as the means through which an instrument exerts influence on its intended target audience. Using this approach, we contend that policy instruments may be analyzed as interfaces that organize social relations and create structures of opportunity and/or restrict possibilities for action. We argue that explicating the pathways through which instruments afford or constrain action is a central task for policy analysis. Our proposed framework of analysis builds on the idea that instruments yield effects by facilitating action and learning. We further contend that the actions that an instrument can facilitate or inhibit are determined by specific affordance modalities of the instrument in conjunction with contingencies of the actor and the policy environment. Examples from research policy are used to illustrate some of these effects. 相似文献
87.
The three classic pillars of risk analysis are risk assessment (how big is the risk and how sure can we be?), risk management (what shall we do about it?), and risk communication (what shall we say about it, to whom, when, and how?). We propose two complements as important parts of these three bases: risk attribution (who or what addressable conditions actually caused an accident or loss?) and learning from experience about risk reduction (what works, and how well?). Failures in complex systems usually evoke blame, often with insufficient attention to root causes of failure, including some aspects of the situation, design decisions, or social norms and culture. Focusing on blame, however, can inhibit effective learning, instead eliciting excuses to deflect attention and perceived culpability. Productive understanding of what went wrong, and how to do better, thus requires moving past recrimination and excuses. This article identifies common blame‐shifting “lame excuses” for poor risk management. These generally contribute little to effective improvements and may leave real risks and preventable causes unaddressed. We propose principles from risk and decision sciences and organizational design to improve results. These start with organizational leadership. More specifically, they include: deliberate testing and learning—especially from near‐misses and accident precursors; careful causal analysis of accidents; risk quantification; candid expression of uncertainties about costs and benefits of risk‐reduction options; optimization of tradeoffs between gathering additional information and immediate action; promotion of safety culture; and mindful allocation of people, responsibilities, and resources to reduce risks. We propose that these principles provide sound foundations for improving successful risk management. 相似文献
88.
Economic issues linked to career counseling are a cause for concern to policy makers in developed countries because they expect career practitioners to provide evidence of the efficiency of career counseling interventions. The aim of this study was to test an individual evaluation method mixing time series (outcomes) and life narrative (processes). The method used 5 items related to 1 client's career decision self‐efficacy and studied the evolution of those items throughout the intervention of 1 career counselor (43 days). Changepoint analysis helped in identifying the changes that have to be taken into account for time series and which are contextualized in the client's verbatim analysis. This mixed method highlighted that the career counselor's intervention increased the client's career decision self‐efficacy. Practitioners could use the methodology proposed in this article to evaluate their interventions. They could also report their practice to clients, employers, and decision makers. 相似文献
89.
张迎辉 《石家庄铁道学院学报(社会科学版)》2012,(2):68-72
在工程防沙设计中,阻沙率和输沙强度均是确定防护类型及其宽度的重要指标。从工程实际出发,结合典型地形特征,运用实测的阻沙率指标,优化沙漠公路高大沙丘段防沙体系的设计,用理论指导实践的同时,并在实践施工中加以较好地运用,从实践效果上,以阻沙率这一风沙物理指标为依据,确定高大沙丘段的防沙设计参数,是符合实际和可行的方法。 相似文献
90.
叶剑虹 《中南林业科技大学学报(社会科学版)》2012,6(6):155-156,186
在当前我国产品设计相对薄弱,企业资金投入不足的情形下,较难自主创新,模仿创新成为产品设计跨越式发展的必经之路。模仿创新相较率先创新具有后发优势,反而能设计出占据市场主导地位和最具经济效益的产品。但模仿创新不是恶劣的伪造,重点在于借鉴改造,从而形成自身风格。 相似文献