浅谈高校档案管理现代化

高校档案管理现代化的实现 ,不仅是我国改革开放和现代化建设的需要 ,也是高校教育改革和发展、档案工作自身发展的需要。其基本模式包括档案工作技术与设备现代化、档案馆 (室 )藏结构合理化、档案信息服务社会化和档案工作组织管理科学化。认为实现档案管理现代化 ,学校领导应高度重视 ,高校档案部门应按规范化、标准化的要求 ,做好各项基础性工作 ,确保档案的原真性和保密性 ,并注意加强人才的培养、提高档案专业人员的素质。     

微内核结构操作系统中文件系统服务器的实现

论述在微内核结构操作系统中文件系统服务器的实现原理和方法，介绍了客户／服务器模型文件系统中，实现文件系统调用的消息的生成及传送，服务器端口的管理，服务器的建立过程和客户程序的请求过程。     

比较西方监管影响评估分析标准——以美国、欧盟和经济合作与发展组织为参照

监管影响评估分析通过拟定监管政策提案所需的一系列逻辑性程序,在收集比较各方面信息的基础上,分析监管政策可能对经济、社会和环境的影响。实践中,以美国、欧盟和经济合作与发展组织为代表,创造性地提出发展了系统的监管影响评估分析标准,主要包括成本收益分析标准、成本有效性标准和风险分析标准。本文借用经济学基本概念和新制度经济学的分析框架,通过对以上三种分析标准,特别是成本收益分析标准的论述,比较优势和不足,以期对中国政府监管理论和实践发展提供借鉴。     

零售业政府规制机构独立性研究

零售业政府规制机构缺乏独立性是影响零售业经营效率的一个重要因素,因而当前流通体制改革应该重视零售业政府规制机构独立性建设。零售业规制机构独立性受到规制机构设置、规制立法、规制机构人员独立性等因素的制约,中国目前在这些方面还存在一些问题,应当根据政府规制机构独立性的要求,从机构设置、规制立法、和规制监督体系等方面加强零售业政府规制机构的独立性建设。     

SUN_3网络文件系统NFS的分析研究

网络文件系统(Network File System)已被32位微机工程工作站的主要制造厂家所公认,它所采用的一些协议已成为工业界公认的标准,ISO也准备据此制订有关的标准。本文结合对SUN-3/160C上VMUNIX操作系统中NFS源程序的提取工作,分析NFS的基本结构及其具体实现,介绍NFS协议,MOUNT协议等高层协议及其对网络文件系统的支持。     

Risk Analysis: Understanding “How Safe is Safe Enough?“

The basic characteristics of determining acceptable risk are discussed. Technical, political, and social aspects of the problem add much complexity. The appropriate manner to reach responsible decisions regarding acceptable risk is suggested. This explicitly addresses the alternatives, the objectives, the uncertainty, and the values which constitute the information necessary to arrive at any solution. The inappropriateness of many "solutions" currently in use or "suggested" is exposed.     

Partition of a query set into minimal number of subsets having consecutive retrieval property

This paper is concerned with information retrieval. The basic problem is how to store large masses of data in such a way that whenever information regarding some particular aspect of the data is needed, such information is easily and efficiently retrieved. Work in this field is thus very important for organizations dealing with large classes of data.The consecutive retrieval (C-R) property defined by S.P. Ghosh is an important relation between a set of queries and a set of records. Its existence enables the design of information retrieval system with a minimal search time and no redundant storage in that the records can be organized in such a way that those pertinent to any query are stored in consecutive storage locations. The C-R property, however, can not exist between every arbitrary query set and every record set.A subset of the query set Q having the C-R property is called a C-R subset and a C-R subset having the maximum cardinality is called the maximal C-R subset. A partition of Q is called the C-R partition if every subset has the C-R property. A C-R partition with minimum number of subsets is called the minimal C-R partition. With respect to the set of all binary queries and the set of all binary records, it is shown that the maximal cardinality of a C-R subset is 2l-1 where l is the number of attributes concerned. A combinatorial characterization of a maximal C-R subset is also given. A lower bound on the number of subsets in a C-R partition and several examples which attain the lower bound are given. A general procedure for obtaining a minimal C-R partition which attains the lower bound is given provided the number of attributes is even.     

Tiered Chemical Testing: A Value of Information Approach

In December 2000 the EPA initiated the Voluntary Children's Chemical Evaluation Program (VCCEP) by asking manufacturers to voluntarily sponsor toxicological testing in a tiered process for 23 chemicals selected for the pilot phase. The tiered nature of the VCCEP pilot program creates the need for clearly defined criteria for determining when information is sufficient to assess the potential risks to children. This raises questions about how to determine the "adequacy" of the existing information and assess the need to undertake efforts to reduce uncertainty (through further testing). This article applies a value of information analysis approach to determine adequacy by modeling how toxicological and exposure data collected through the VCCEP may be used to inform risk management decisions. The analysis demonstrates the importance of information about the exposure level and control costs in making decisions regarding further toxicological testing. This article accounts for the cost of delaying control action and identifies the optimal testing strategy for a constrained decisionmaker who, absent applicable human data, cannot regulate without bioassay data on a specific chemical. It also quantifies the differences in optimal testing strategy for three decision criteria: maximizing societal net benefits, ensuring maximum exposure control while net benefits are positive (i.e., benefits outweigh costs), and controlling to the maximum extent technologically feasible while the lifetime risk of cancer exceeds a specific level of risk. Finally, this article shows the large differences that exist in net benefits between the three criteria for the range of exposure levels where the optimal actions differ.     

Public Perceptions of Regulatory Costs,Their Uncertainty and Interindividual Distribution

Public perceptions of both risks and regulatory costs shape rational regulatory choices. Despite decades of risk perception studies, this article is the first on regulatory cost perceptions. A survey of 744 U.S. residents probed: (1) How knowledgeable are laypeople about regulatory costs incurred to reduce risks? (2) Do laypeople see official estimates of cost and benefit (lives saved) as accurate? (3) (How) do preferences for hypothetical regulations change when mean‐preserving spreads of uncertainty replace certain cost or benefit? and (4) (How) do preferences change when unequal interindividual distributions of hypothetical regulatory costs replace equal distributions? Respondents overestimated costs of regulatory compliance, while assuming agencies underestimate costs. Most assumed agency estimates of benefits are accurate; a third believed both cost and benefit estimates are accurate. Cost and benefit estimates presented without uncertainty were slightly preferred to those surrounded by “narrow uncertainty” (a range of costs or lives entirely within a personally‐calibrated zone without clear acceptance or rejection of tradeoffs). Certain estimates were more preferred than “wide uncertainty” (a range of agency estimates extending beyond these personal bounds, thus posing a gamble between favored and unacceptable tradeoffs), particularly for costs as opposed to benefits (but even for costs a quarter of respondents preferred wide uncertainty to certainty). Agency‐acknowledged uncertainty in general elicited mixed judgments of honesty and trustworthiness. People preferred egalitarian distributions of regulatory costs, despite skewed actual cost distributions, and preferred progressive cost distributions (the rich pay a greater than proportional share) to regressive ones. Efficient and socially responsive regulations require disclosure of much more information about regulatory costs and risks.     

发展不平衡视角下地方监管沙盒竞争的演化博弈分析

目前,已有少数地方政府陆续推出监管沙盒促进本地经济发展。地方政府之间基于监管沙盒很可能展开新一轮博弈,欠发达地区在这一博弈中会最终出局吗?本文将地方政府区分为发达和欠发达两类群体,基于演化博弈模型对这一问题进行研究。结果表明,发达和欠发达两类群体监管沙盒的最终结局存在较高的依存性,任何一方均无法单方面决定本方监管沙盒的最终结局;欠发达群体的监管沙盒仍有一定的生存空间,在与发达群体博弈中并非一定会出局。