Off the record: Margaret van Kleffens and the gendered history of Dutch World War II diplomacy

This article makes the case for recovering women’s roles from the forgotten corners of diplomatic history, and for considering the consequences of the gap between feminist and non-feminist research. It shows how ignorance of the gendered nature of diplomatic norms and practices impacts our understanding of diplomatic history, and how specific biographies are hampered by gender blindness in particular. Using the history of Margaret van Kleffens and Dutch World War II diplomacy as an example, the article demonstrates how historians’ continued neglect of the role of women and gender norms has influenced representations of twentieth-century diplomacy. To dismiss the history of gender and of women as by definition irrelevant to the actions of states and of male statespersons is not simply part of a self-appointed focus on the political at the expense of the personal; rather, it omits much of the political history too, reproducing stereotypes and resulting in a skewed understanding of diplomatic history and foreign policy decisions. The article argues that both historians and feminist scholars need to historicize gender in order to recognize women’s roles in diplomacy, and so gain a better understanding of the history of international politics as a whole.     

儒家经济伦理的基本规范

本文对儒家经济伦理在经济运行过程中生产、交换、分配、消费四个环节所表现出来的伦理规范作了初步的探讨。指出这些基本规范作为儒家经济伦理的基本内容将会在我们构建社会主义市场经济制度的过程中产生重要的影响。我们应该对儒家经济伦理基本规范经过批判扬弃和价值转换,融入现代经济伦理当中,使其成为社会主义市场经济发展的精神动力。     

网络化引起的语言变异现象研究

随着全球网络的兴起和普及,传统的语言表达方式迅速转变为借助虚拟的网络平台进行交际的网络语言表达方式。受网络独特的虚拟交际语境、社会文化心理的渗透、 传媒的舆论引导等因素的影响,网络语言的语音、词汇、语法、书写等方面都发生了不同程度的变异,网络语言变异创造了大量言简义丰、机智传神的语言符号,散发出其特有的 语言魅力,引发了学界对语言变异现象的关注。     

团队防御型调节焦点对新产品创造力的双刃剑效应

基于调节焦点理论和团队过程视角,构建了团队防御型调节焦点、信息共享度通过团队活力和团队反思影响新产品创造力的被调节的双通道中介模型。实证研究表明:团队活力中介了防御型调节焦点和新产品创造力的负向间接关系;团队反思中介了防御型调节焦点和新产品创造力的正向间接关系;信息共享度削弱了团队防御型调节焦点对团队活力的负向影响;信息共享度削弱了团队活力在防御型调节焦点和新产品创造力之间的中介作用;团队信息共享度增强了团队防御型调节焦点对团队反思的正向影响;团队信息共享度增强了团队反思在防御型调节焦点和新产品创造力之间的中介作用。     

基于银行监管资本的存款保险定价研究

结合存款保险定价的期权定价法和期望损失定价法,提出了利用银行破产时被保险存款的期望损失来定价存款保险的新思路,该方法的特点是存款保险定价不仅仅与银行资产的风险和收益有关,而且与银行资本持有状况和存款的参保比率有密切关系.通过理论推导得到了存款保险定价公式.运用极大似然估计方法与测算原理,实证研究了其敏感性、可行性与合理...     

What motivates adolescent bystanders to intervene when immigrant youth are bullied?

Pathways to bystander responses were examined in both generalized and bias-based bullying incidents involving immigrant-origin victims. Participants were 168 (M_age = 14.54, 57% female) adolescents of immigrant (37.5%) and nonimmigrant backgrounds, who responded to their likelihood of intervening on behalf of either an Arab or Latine victim. Models tested whether contact with immigrants and one's desires for social contact with immigrant-origin peers mediated the effects of individual (shared immigrant background, and discriminatory tendencies) and situational (inclusive peer norms) intergroup factors on active bystander responses. Findings indicated that desires for social contact reliably mediated effects across both victims; however, contact with immigrant peers was only associated with responses to Latine victims. Implications for how to promote bystander intervention are discussed.     

Web based resource for Statistical Consultants in the Pharmaceutical Industry

The intention of this article is to highlight sources of web-based reference material and software that will aid consulting statisticians when designing clinical trials. The article includes websites that provide links to explanation of statistical concepts for non-statisticians, regulatory guidelines, and free statistical study design software.     

Can a treatment be licenced on the basis of post‐treatment predictive biomarkers?

In recent years, there has been a great deal of literature published concerning the identification of predictive biomarkers and indeed, an increasing number of therapies have been licenced on this basis. However, this progress has been made almost exclusively on the basis of biomarkers measured prior to exposure to treatment. There are quite different challenges when the responding population can only be identified on the basis of outcomes observed following exposure to treatment, especially if it represents only a small proportion of patients. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether or when a treatment could be licenced on the basis of post‐treatment predictive biomarkers (PTPB), the focus is on oncology but the concepts should apply to all therapeutic areas. We review the potential pitfalls in hypothesising the presence of a PTPB. We also present challenges in trial design required to confirm and licence on the basis of a PTPB: what's the control population?, could there be a detriment to non‐responders by exposure to the new treatment?, can responders be identified rapidly?, could prior exposure to the new treatment adversely affect performance of the control in responders? Nevertheless, if the patients to be treated could be rapidly identified after prior exposure to treatment, and without harm to non‐responders, in appropriately designed and analysed trials, may be more targeted therapies could be made available to patients. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

译诗创格与诗学重诂——吴宓早年英诗汉译活动寻踪

尝试用现代西方翻译理论来审视中国的翻译家必将有一番新的发现,这点对于个案诗人兼翻译家吴宓的译诗研究同样适用。文章重点追寻吴宓早年译诗方式嬗变的踪迹,说明译者在重写原诗的过程中,因受接受文化中的文学规范和翻译诗学观以及意识形态等因素的制约,在不同时期采取不同的翻译策略,并形成迥异的译诗风格,进而讨论他的译诗对早年汉语新诗创作产生的影响。     

求职过程的宏观-微观分析：多层次模型

本文针对中国大城市不断市场化过程中社会资本对求职过程的影响进行了研究。笔者从新制度主义的宏观与微观的联接理论出发,使用内生互动模型作为实证分析工具,揭示了市场制度的发育具有强化市场行动主体的偏好,即市场化程度、市场不确定性和市场规范性等三个市场化制度的重要特征的发育,均具有增加个体收入的效应,证明宏观制度的演进与诱导微观个体的制度偏好具有亲和性。本文同时证明了边燕杰提出的网络作用空间的“倒U模式”假设。