Gender norms and styling in Japanese conversation: A multilevel analysis

The observation that gender differences in Japanese language use are becoming less prevalent as women increasingly use ‘men's language’ appears in popular media from time to time. Some empirical studies support this view. However, such observations are usually based on the consideration of only one or two linguistic features, especially sentence-final forms and personal pronouns. In contrast, this study analyzes the use of multiple linguistic and paralinguistic features related to gender, regarding them as resources for styling identity. According to our analysis of eight same-gender and mixed-gender dyadic conversations of college students, these speakers’ use of features other than sentence-final forms, which we found to vary little by gender, is normatively gendered to a large extent. The study thus demonstrates that the analysis of multiple and multilevel variables enables us to better understand the complex process of styling through the speaker's negotiation of linguistic gender norms in actual practice.     

先发优势与互联网互联互通阶段政策

分析两个互联网骨干网斯坦克尔伯格(Stackelberg)竞争和互联互通质量序贯均衡。对于前者,重点分析了企业利润、社会福利与互联互通质量的关系,得出骨干网间互联互通应该是有层次的、有所区别的,同时确保一定的互联互通质量是必要的;通过对后者的分析得出,在已有业务或用户间,骨干网网间若是高质量的互联互通,其在新业务或用户间必然也采取高质量的互联互通,同时也得出在互联网规模较小时,骨干网间将会选择较高的互联互通质量。     

性别弱势议题“一边倒”现象生成机制与反思——微博平台男性弱势议题可见性分析

关于性别议题，微博上呈现出“一边倒”的特点，即“女性弱势”议题相比于“男性弱势”议题更容易引爆舆论。男性弱势议题被忽视乃至被包容是结构性因素共同作用的结果。父权制下性别规范与性别偏见的询唤、特定议题中男性人格尊严权的隐身、对立情绪和情感定向的商业收割，催生并加剧了这一现象。从现实后果来看，性别规范在自我征引中不断被强化，带来性别烦恼，个体权利失衡和遭到破坏，关于性别议题的理想商谈环境仍然难以形成。     

信用监管中行政确认的模式及运用

行政确认作为一种信用监管的方式，能够发挥提高监管效率、稳定监管秩序、化解监管纠纷等重要功能。监管活动与监管场景决定了信用监管中行政确认的运用不能局限于某一固定模式，而需要有多样化的安排。信用监管“单一主体确认”的适用情形具有局限性，“联合主体确认”的方式方法具有单一性。因此，需要重塑信用监管中行政确认的理论模式。将多个机关的联合确认、信用信息平台的数据评价、信用报告等新型确认手段作为适用形式、表意形式和实现方式的一种。它们经过组合变化，能够形成五种实践性较强的行政确认模式，不同模式适用不同的监管情景，监管主体应根据监管实践的需要灵活运用。     

调节定向对员工工作重塑的影响 ———变革型领导的调节作用∗

近年来,作为个体动机风格之一的调节定向与工作重塑的关系引起了国内外学者的关注。 不 同调节定向的工作重塑行为往往存在一定的差异,且这种差异性可能受到领导风格(如变革型领导)的 制约。 基于此,本研究首次在国内实证探讨调节定向与工作重塑的关系,并揭示变革型领导风格在其中 的作用机制。 研究结果表明:(1) 促进定向与工作重塑中的增加结构性工作资源、增加社会性工作资源 以及增加挑战性工作要求均显著正相关,而与减少阻碍性工作要求负相关;(2)防御定向与工作重塑中 的增加结构性工作资源、增加社会性工作资源正相关,而与增加挑战性工作要求和减少阻碍性工作要求 显著负相关;(3)变革型领导在促进定向与工作重塑各维度关系中的调节作用均不显著,而在防御定向 与工作重塑各维度关系中的调节作用均显著。     

Should the two-trial paradigm still be the gold standard in drug assessment?

Two significant pivotal trials are usually required for a new drug approval by a regulatory agency. This standard requirement is known as the two-trial paradigm. However, several authors have questioned why we need exactly two pivotal trials, what statistical error the regulators are trying to protect against, and potential alternative approaches. Therefore, it is important to investigate these questions to better understand the regulatory decision-making in the assessment of drugs' effectiveness. It is common that two identically designed trials are run solely to adhere to the two-trial rule. Previous work showed that combining the data from the two trials into a single trial (one-trial paradigm) would increase the power while ensuring the same level of type I error protection as the two-trial paradigm. However, this is true only under a specific scenario and there is little investigation on the type I error protection over the whole null region. In this article, we compare the two paradigms by considering scenarios in which the two trials are conducted in identical or different populations as well as with equal or unequal size. With identical populations, the results show that a single trial provides better type I error protection and higher power. Conversely, with different populations, although the one-trial rule is more powerful in some cases, it does not always protect against the type I error. Hence, there is the need for appropriate flexibility around the two-trial paradigm and the appropriate approach should be chosen based on the questions we are interested in.     

监管惩罚、监管宽容和存款保险价格

存款保险制度在维持金融稳定和保护存款人利益方面具有重要作用,其最为核心的问题是存款保险费率的确定.文章在Merton模型框架下将监管惩罚和监管宽容同时引入存款保险定价模型,并探究了存款保险价格和银行风险偏好之间的关系.研究发现,银行的存款保险费率和银行资产储蓄比呈现负相关关系.当监管惩罚力度加大时,银行的风险偏好降低,存款保险费率会也降低,这说明惩罚措施有利于维护金融稳定.研究还发现,监管宽容程度越高,银行的风险偏好也越高,进而存款保险价格越高.存款保险费率测算结果表明:相比较而言,"次贷危机"和"股灾"对城市银行的存款保险费率影响最大,对股份制银行的存款保险费率影响有限,而对国有银行存款保险费率基本没有影响.     

新时代我国生态文明制度建设的成就、经验与展望

新时代十年来,我国围绕环境法制建设、环境政策规范和环境管理体制三个主要方面精准发力,环境立法逐步走向健全,环境政策规范不断完善,环境管理和执法效能不断提升,生态文明制度建设取得显著成效,取得了坚持顶层设计与基层实践相结合、坚持整体推进与重点突破相结合、坚持垂直管理与统一监管相结合、坚持刚性约束与多元激励相结合等若干工作经验。新时代新征程推进生态文明制度建设仍需在制度内容丰富完善、制度整合衔接和制度执行落实等方面持续发力,协同推动生态文明制度的效能充分释放。