A Commentary on the Triadic Theory of Influence as a Guide for Adapting HIV Prevention Programs for New Contexts and Populations

Summary

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how the Collaborative HIV Prevention and Adolescent Mental Health Project-South Africa (CHAMPSA) began and to present some of the results from this South African version of CHAMP. This paper informs readers of a number of lessons about international program translation. The first important lesson is that there are universal principles of health behavior change that seem to be useful across cultures. The implementation of these principles, however, needs to be informed by an in-depth understanding of local cultural contexts. The second important lesson is that it is possible to undertake large-scale, scientifically sophisticated community-based prevention research in developing countries through international collaborative research projects. It is the authors' hope that this mixture of science, service, and business will inspire other public health, community mental health, research, and business professionals to develop international prevention interventions that can be shown to be effective, and disseminated on a wide scale.     

Comparing Expressed and Revealed Preferences for Risk Reduction: Different Hazards and Question Frames

Studies often note the wide differences that exist in costs per death avoided across U.S. federal programs and regulatory contexts. This paper explores two new, related explanations for these differences. First, it argues that the patterns of revealed preferences (public allocations) may be related to public values, which are measured here through subjects' expressed preference responses to a contingent valuation survey regarding risk reduction. Subjects' expressed values are compared to actual (and proposed) costs of safety regulations for a similar set of hazards. We discover strong congruence in the ranking of expressed values and actual values. Second, the paper presents the results of a subsequent survey that investigates why the patterns observed in the first survey might occur. It suggests that one reason for the observed similarities between revealed and expressed preferences may be in how choices are framed. The paper hypothesizes that both subjects and decision makers may frame valuation decisions in the same way: as percentage changes from the reference point provided by the base rate of deaths for that hazard.     

从Fletcher对孟郊一首五言诗的翻译谈话语分析方法

根据翻译的特性对话语建构的七项原则给予阐述并将之运用于Fletcher翻译的唐朝诗人孟郊的五言诗《古别离》。话语分析对语言组织特征和使用特征进行动态研究而不是结构本身的静态描写。它对翻译理论和实践具有实际性的指导意义     

科学元原则的动摇与后科学时代

科学是按“元原则→公理体系→数学与逻辑方法→具体科学→具体科学技术、工程等的应用”的程式完成其建构的。通过对这一程式的静态分析,可发现科学本身的真理性（即科学性）是值得怀疑的;科学一元论的统治也是值得怀疑的。这种怀疑,使我们看到了后科学时代的曙光。     

论环境伦理构建的科学依据及基本原则

从道德的角度调整人与自然环境的关系 ,必须确定环境伦理的基本原则。环境伦理原则的构建应以生态科学揭示的人类在自然生态系统中的“公共利益”作为其现实基础和客观依据。持续生存作为环境伦理的基本原则 ,反映了对人与自然生存关系的新认识。人与自然的和谐共存、倡导代际公平、实行代内平等是持续生存原则的基本要求     

“三个代表”思想：建党政治理念的转变

"三个代表"重要思想的确立,表明我们党在如何建党的政治理念上实现了从领导革命到长期执政的转变.这个转变是更深刻的转变,因为按"三个代表"的重要思想来执政兴国,要求全党在政治价值观念上有新的提升,在政治人文观念上有新的进步,在政治理论指导观念上有新的发展.     

减税规则的产权与效率——供给学派公平效率观的产权分析

凯恩斯主义主张通过增税实现收入均等化意义上的公平,供给学派则认为减税能够实现帕累托改进意义上的公平。前者被称之为增税规则公平,后者被称之为减税规则公平。二者虽然都是以资本主义市场经济赖以存在的排他性所有权作为产权基础,但增税规则有损所有权的排他性,两种规则从而有各自不同的效率。     

文坛的"失语"和"失语"的文坛--新中国建国之初文坛"畸相"的历史追问

20世纪50年代,现代文学史上的诸多著名作家几乎同时停止文学创作,形成了"文坛的失语"和"失语的文坛".这一文学现象产生的原因是多方面的,既有作家自己思想认识的幼稚,又有当时文艺政策舆论导向的作用,还有频繁政治思想运动造成的精神压力,甚至还有前苏联文艺"模式"的影响.清理与反思这段历史,可以使我们更加清醒理智地面对未来.     

论老庄道家的道德教化方法及其文化渊源

在中国历史上 ,老庄道家作为儒家的对立面和补充者 ,其“以事论理”、“以物施教”、“以史为鉴”的道德教化方法曾经使自己的学说有着很大的生存发展空间 ,而这些化民之方既依赖于独特的传统文化背景 ,也与施教主体个殊的生活经历有密切的关系。     

学而时习启发诱导

孔子认为,最重要的学习方法是"学而时习之,不亦乐乎"的学而时习和"学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆"的学思结合方法;最重要的教学原则是"求也退,故进之;由也兼人,故退之"的因材施教和"不愤不启、不诽不发"的启发诱导原则.深入研究和继承孔子有关学习方法与教学原则方面的教育思想,并结合现代教育理论,付诸于教学实践,必将有助于我国当前素质教育的健康发展.