农民收入增长影响因素的因子分析及其对策探讨——以河北省为例

通过因子分析不难看出,由于种植业的发展对农民收入的增加并无积极的影响作用,因而在农业结构调整方面,提高林牧渔业所占的比重和促进林牧渔业的发展,不仅能有效增加农民收入,而且还能无形中促进和实现部分种植业中过剩劳动力的转移。此外,实践中有必要减少粮食作物的种植来促进农村家庭经营二、三产业。依据相关因子分析结果,在促进和实现农民收入增长方面,首先要加大农业产业结构的调整力度,切实实现农业产业结构的转化与升级;其次要加快城市化进程,积极推动农村过剩劳动力的转移。     

入世后山东省分富分化问题研究

中国加入世贸组织将直接影响到社会成员的未来贫富分化状况,它将分别通过个人自致性因素和社会结构性因素重构未来贫富分化的新格局。山东省作为沿海开放省份,同时也是一个农业大省,入世后社会成员贫富分化的格局将发生一定的变化。了解贫富分化的大体趋势并且采用适当的策略来控制过度的贫富差距,对山东社会的稳定发展具有重要的现实作用。     

论仲裁条款独立性原则

在商事仲裁立法中,对仲裁独立性原则有两种立场:相对独立与绝对独立。大多数国家采取了绝对独立的立场,但在我国的法律中,这两种现点均有反映。通过对仲裁条款独立性原则的法理分析,我国法律应坚持仲裁条款绝对独立的立场,摒弃相对独立的立法规定。     

增长极理论与西部大开发的战略选择

增长极模式是一种非均衡发展模式,必然涉及到效率与公平的问题,因此区域是否具有承受实施该模式的能力成为首要问题.本文以增长极模型为基础,首先考虑西部地区是否满足采用增长极模式的条件;其次在必要条件满足的情况下,构造选择增长极的指标体系;最后运用相对势综合评价模型对指标进行处理,对西部地区的增长极备选城市进行排序并给出一些参考建议.     

烧结温度对CaCu3Ti4O12性能的影响

传统的烧结法，经850℃、980℃预烧和1000℃-1125℃烧结制备了CaCu3Ti4O12巨介电常数陶瓷．通过X射线衍射（XRD）对体系进行了结晶性能和形貌测试，用阻抗分析仪对试样在50—300K范围内的介电性能进行了测试．研究结果表明：CaCu3Ti4O12的介电常数直接受材料的结晶程度、晶粒大小及致密度控制．通过改善预烧粉末先驱体的结晶程度、提高材料的晶粒尺寸和致密度、改善烧结样品的结晶程度可以获得性能优良的材料．结晶完整，晶粒尺寸大及致密度高的CaCu3Ti4O12在较大的温区范围具有高的介电常数．     

Kinship care in Australia

Kinship care is the fastest growing form of out‐of‐home care placement in Australia. It is now a more common form of placement than foster care in some Australian states and is the most common form of placement for Indigenous children nationally. This paper reviews national data and reports ?ndings from a state (New South Wales) study of the experience of kinship carers, children and workers. Relative carers, children and child welfare caseworkers were found to identify psychological bene?ts, family obligation and criticism of other forms of care as reasons for preferring kinship care. Legislation and policy, particularly the Aboriginal Child Placement Principle, are also identi?ed as factors contributing to the rise in kinship care. Concern for the high levels of stress among carers and the low levels of monitoring of children's safety and well‐being are discussed and a stronger policy and practice response from government agencies is proposed. Indications of new policy and programme responses are demonstrated by several recent initiatives at state and national levels. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Concepts and measures for skewness with data-analytic implications

The decomposition of the distribution function into skewness and spread functions serves as a basis for conceptualizing the skewness of a random variable. Measures of skewness are also described in terms of the skewness and spread functions, thereby unifying the measures with the concepts. Results that relate these measures to whether one random variable is more skewed than another are reviewed and extended. Graphical displays are presented for uncovering the nature of the skewness of a variable. The measures are also linked to the issue of symmetrizing a variable.     

日语敬语演变进程之探讨

日语的敬语表达形式并非一成不变,它随着社会的发展而不断演变。本文通过诸多文学事例论证了绝对敬语向相对敬语过渡、话题敬语向对话敬语的倾斜、敬度减弱向敬度再增强发展、身份敬语向社交敬语变迁等敬语演变的四大主流进程,并就此对今后敬语的发展趋势做出展望。     

Cancer Risk Assessment with Intermittent Exposure

Applications of methods for carcinogenic risk assessment often focus on estimating lifetime cancer risk. With intermittent or time-dependent exposures, lifetime risk is often approximated on the basis of a lifetime average daily dose (LADD). In this article, we show that there exists a lifetime equivalent constant dose (LECD) which leads to the same lifetime risk as the actual time-dependent exposure pattern. The ratio C = LECD/LADD then provides a measure of accuracy of risk estimates based on the LADD, as well as a basis for correcting such estimates. Theoretical results derived under the classical multistage model and the two-stage birth-death-mutation model suggest that the maximum value of C, which represents the factor by which the LADD may lead to underestimates of risk, will often lie in the range of 2- to 5-fold. The practical application of these results is illustrated in the case of astronauts subjected to relatively short-term exposure to volatile organics in a closed space station environment, and in the case of the ingestion of pesticide residues in food where consumption patterns vary with age.     

A TWO-STAGE UNRELATED RANDOMISED RESPONSE PROCEDURE

In a sample survey, questions requiring personal or controversial assertions often give rise to resistance. A randomised response procedure can be used to help the researcher gather accurate data in this case. This paper describes a new two-stage unrelated randomised response procedure that combines the use of two randomisation devices (Mangat & Singh, 1990) and an unrelated question (Horwitz et al. 1967). It examines the situation where the respondents are not completely truthful in their answers. The efficiency of this new method is compared with the original one-stage procedure proposed by Horwitz et al. (1967), and guidelines for choosing the values of different parameters for the procedures are provided. Results from an empirical study which examines the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed method are given.