Longevity, flight ability and reproductive performance of the diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), related to adult body size

Plutella xylostella in the temperate zone shows a clear seasonal change in adult body size. In the laboratory, large and small moths were produced during immature stages at 15°C and 25°C, respectively. These moths were then used to evaluate longevity, age-specific flight ability, flight ability of mated and unmated females, and the influence of flight experience on the subsequent reproductive success. The large moths lived longer and displayed a greater flight ability over 3 weeks. Irrespective of body size, unmated females flew for a longer time than mated females, and flight experience affected their subsequent reproductive success. Females of both sizes mated and laid eggs soon after emergence, without any obvious pre-reproductive period. More flight experience did not delay oviposition, but did reduce egg production. It is likely that large moths with a longer adult life span and greater flight ability are better fitted for long-distance flight and more fecund than small ones. These experimental results may explain why long-distance migration ofP. xylostella is mostly seen during cool seasons, when relatively large moths with long forewing appear in the field.     

Foreign Policy and the Domestic Worker

In 2009, following numerous high profile abuse cases, the Indonesian government placed a moratorium on its citizens taking up employment in Malaysia as domestic workers. From the perspective of feminist International Relations, the emergence of migrant domestic work as a foreign policy concern between these two states is significant – exposing a relationship between foreign policy and the webs of transnationalized social relations of reproduction that underpin the development prospects of middle to low income states. In this article I utilize the example of the Malaysia–Indonesia dispute in order to develop some tentative suggestions concerning the possibility of integrating an analysis of transnational social relations of reproduction into foreign policy analyses. The article initially overviews how the dispute is widely understood in relation to Indonesia's turn to a more democratic foreign policy. The inadequacy of such a reading is explored further. The article suggests that the above-mentioned dispute should rather be understood in relation to the specific configurations of productive–reproductive relations that underpin migratory flows and the role of Indonesia and Malaysia as ‘regulatory’ states involved in the establishment of return-migration systems in which women migrants are viewed as economic commodities and policed via a range of state-sanctioned practices (including commitments to anti-trafficking).     

Family-Based HIV Preventive Intervention

Summary

Social indicators suggest that African American adolescents are in the highest risk categories of those contracting HIV/AIDS (CDC, 2001). The dramatic impact of HIV/AIDS on urban African American youth have influenced community leaders and policy makers to place high priority on programming that can prevent youth's exposure to the virus (Pequegnat & Szapocznik, 2000). Program developers are encouraged to design programs that reflect the developmental ecology of urban youth (Tolan, Gorman-Smith, & Henry, 2003). This often translates into three concrete programmatic features: (1) Contextual relevance; (2) Developmental-groundedness; and (3) Systemic Delivery. Because families are considered to be urban youth's best hope to grow up and survive multiple dangers in urban neighborhoods (Pequegnat& Szapocznik, 2000), centering prevention within families may ensure that youth receive ongoing support, education, and messages that can increase their capacity to negotiate peer situations involving sex. This paper will present preliminary data from an HIV/AIDS prevention program that is contextually relevant, developmentally grounded and systematically-delivered. The collaborative HIV/AIDS Adolescent Mental Health Project (CHAMP) is aimed at decreasing HIV/AIDS risk exposure among a sample of African American youth living in a poverty-stricken, inner-city community in Chicago. This study describes results from this family-based HIV preventive intervention and involves 88 African American pre-adolescents and their primary caregivers. We present results for the intervention group at baseline and post intervention. We compare post test results to a community comparison group of youth. Suggestions for future research are provided.     

从关联翻译理论解析英语专业学生的误译现象

近年来,关联翻译理论已被广泛运用于翻译研究。将关联翻译理论与翻译过程的两个主要阶段（即理解和表达）相结合,探讨英语专业学生译者主体性与其误译现象之间的重要关系。在理解阶段,由于英专学生没有充分发挥自己作为译者的主体性,所以无法正确获得源语言的最佳关联,进而造成无意误译;而在表达阶段,英专学生或因对译语使用不严谨导致无意误译,或因无法逾越语言障碍而造成无可奈何的文字妥协。而译者主体性的有效发挥能够在表达阶段将最佳关联在译语中充分再现。     

关联理论视角下的隐喻翻译策略研究——以霍译本《红楼梦》为例

以关联理论为视角,分析霍译本《红楼梦》当中的隐喻翻译策略,指出,无论译者是采取直译或是意译,只要遵循关联原则,使译文读者和原文读者对同样的隐喻产生同样的反应,达到最佳关联就是可取的。     

关联理论视角下的文化缺省及其翻译

文章阐述了关联理论的内涵,介绍了文化缺省及其产生的原因,认为关联理论可以为文化缺省及文化缺省的翻译提供较强的解释力。在关联理论的框架下可以采取文化缺省翻译的相应策略。     

论话语标记的连接性——以广义语境的视角

话语标记的连接性是话语标记的重要特征之一,但目前对话语标记的连接性存在两种观点：以Schiffrin等为代表的连贯派认为,话语标记的连接性体现在对同一话语中不同的话语语句（片段）的连接上,而以Blakemore等为代表的关联派学者却认为话语标记的连接性不是对不同话语语句的连接,而是一种推理连接。作者在论述这两种观点的基础上,以更广义的语境视角来探讨话语标记的连接性,从而更加全面地论述话语标记的连接性,也能更好地研究话语标记的作用。     

顺应——关联模式下的言语礼貌问题研究

言语礼貌,一直是语用学研究的热点之一。然而以往的言语礼貌研究都缺乏一定的普适性。文章将尝试运用顺应-关联模式对其展开研究,旨在对其生成和理解机制作出更为合理的解释。     

话语标记的语境提示作用

目前,关于话语标记在话语：交际中的作用存在两种主要的观点：以Schiffxin等为代表的连贯派认为,话语连贯是话语内在的潜在的关系,而话语标记有助于实现话语连贯;而以Blakemore等为代表的关联派却认为,连贯从属于关联,话语标记的作用是引导交际者寻找交际信息的关联而非话语连贯。综合这两种观点,话语标记的主要作用是为交际者提供各种语境提示。     

新石器时代原始崇拜所体现的先民创造精神

新石器时代是一个思考与探索的时代,人类的思维水平获得了长足的发展。在此基础上产生了自然崇拜、祖先崇拜与生殖崇拜。这三大原始崇拜反映了人类认识自然、战胜自然和认识人类自身、探索宇宙奥秘和人类组织结构形式的伟大创造精神。