人口流动对基督教全球传播的影响

基督教流动人口是基督教在全球传播过程中的关键因素。在基督教存在的前五个世纪,广泛的人口流动将基督教变成了全球化的信仰。广泛的人口流动在其它主要的世界宗教在世界各地的传播过程中也发挥了重要作用,但是,就基督教来说,流动可能是这种信仰固有的因素。基督教超越罗马帝国成为全球性信仰是个非常复杂的过程,包含许多不同类型的人口流动。跨国界的领袖们、俘虏、难民和流浪者、商人是人口流动的四种主要类型。虽然,东部教会传教的成功是短暂的,但是东部教会在第一个千年形成的移民传教模式无疑为21世纪的基督教提供了典范。基督教在过去的两三个世纪里再次全球化,基督信仰作为新的中心在非洲、拉丁美洲和亚洲的某些地区出现,表明"人口流动"在基督教全球传播过程中的作用比以前更加明显。当代基督教的全球化与早期基督教的全球化在发展道路上有很大不同,但有一点是不变的,即基督教的全球化仍将主要依靠流动者的行动和决策。     

异地安置羌民的“第一个羌历年”——四川省邛崃市南宝山木梯村羌历年田野调查报告

羌历年是羌民族生活和文化的缩影。2010年11月6日,邛崃市南宝山“5·12汶川大地震”灾后异地安置点木梯村的村民迎来了灾后的第一个羌历年。通过对此次羌历年的仪式过程及其宗教内涵、文化意蕴的解读,分析了当地村民、政府和社会组织在此次庆祝活动中所扮演的角色和发挥的作用,并探讨羌历年在新的环境条件下所发生的文化空间和宗教空间的重构、神圣与世俗的冲突与协作。     

A Nation from the Sands

Abstract

Since its birth ninety years ago Tel Aviv has been a leading symbol ofthe Zionist, and subsequently, Israeli claim to be a modem, progressive, and essentially ‘Western’ nation. The power of this image has obscured both the intimate connection between the modern(ist) architectural and town-planning discourses upon which its identity has been constructed and the exclusivism of Zionism as a nationalist movement, and the fact that the neighboring town ofJaffa, long considered Tel Aviv’s ancient and backward alter ego, was in fact developing along similar lines as the Jewish city until its conquest in 1948.     

宗教事务依法管理的路径及基础——以四川藏区依法治理为视角

Under the situation that traditional beliefs have remained basically unchanged while the social economy has developed and population mobility has increased, with the trend of an in-creasing diversity in beliefs, and an increasing number of religious followers and temples, the management of religious affairs has become more difficult. In ethnic areas, the speed of moderniza-tion has accelerated, ethnic interactions are fre-quent, and the beneficial conflict or cultural con-flict among various ethnic groups has become nor-mal; the impact of modernity, ways of life, the value and ideals of the temples’ traditional culture and educational model brings new social pressure for the monks who are adapting to modernization, and making a leap in development while safeguard-ing traditional rituals, culture, religious education and development. The number of criminal cases involving monks has increased, which brings a strong negative influence to the religious followers in Tibetan areas. All these factors are directly in-fluencing the stability and harmonious development of the Tibetan areas. As the second-largest Tibetan area, the geo-graphical location of Sichuan’s Tibetan areas is u-nique. In ancient times, the policy of “keeping the Tibetan areas stable means keeping Kham sta-ble at first” had been an important measure for the central government to manage all of the Tibetan ar-eas. From the Qing dynasty to the present times, it still has a practical use, and even has special val-ue in the process of safeguarding the “long-term stability of Sichuan”, especially when the people have but a hazy understanding of the relationship between the freedom of faith and managing reli-gious affairs according to the law in Tibetan areas, and one needs to have a legal response to it. Hence, “keeping Kham stable” needs to depend on the law, and legal means should be taken to safeguard the harmony and stability of the Tibetan areas in Sichuan. Management of the religious affairs according to the law is an inevitable requirement for China to promote the goal of ruling the country by law, com-prehensively deepen reform, and promote the mod-ernization of the country’s governance system and capability. Based on an active response to the guidance principle of strengthening the manage-ment of religious affairs according to the law pro-posed by the Central Government, and the Sichuan Provincial Government, we should standardize reli-gious activities and affairs, insist on a combination of legal management and policy guidance, adopt various measures, search for a practicable path to realize the significant goal of managing the religious affairs according to the law in Tibetan areas of Si-chuan. This article proposes some methods of man-aging the religious affairs according to the law as follows:1 ) To insist on the CPC’s leadership in reli-gious work and management of religious affairs;2 ) to actively and reliably promote the systematic con-
struction of the legalization of religious affairs;3 ) to insist on the combination of legal management and policy guidance;4 ) to encourage the public to manage religious affairs according to law; 5 ) to standardize the scale and number of monks by u-sing new methods of management;6 ) to strengthen the role of the “four troops” ( Party and Govern-ment leading cadres,ethnic religious work cadres, ethnic minority cadres and talents, and religious believers ) , especially religious believers; 7 ) to make full use of the regulatory framework of the Buddhist community; 8 ) to create conditions for those monks who wish to return to secular life;9 ) to distinguish the boundary between normal and il-legal religious activities, between folk custom and extreme religious concepts; 10 ) to identify and distinguish between “monks and lay people”, and“ordinary cases and religious cases”. At present, there are four foundations for managing religious affairs according to the law:1 ) the idea that freedom of faith is not only one’s right, but also one’s duty has gradually enjoyed popular support;2 ) there is a good policy base for managing religious affairs according to the law;3 ) there is a relatively strong theoretical basis for managing religious affairs according to the law;4 ) there exists good legal support for managing reli-gious affairs according to the law.     

浅析青海汉族的神灵崇拜

神灵崇拜作为一种民俗现象存在于今天,反映了一种共同的民族心理。在青海东部汉族集居的地区,崇拜神灵这一精神民俗渗透到生产、生活、娱乐及意识形态领域的各个方面。可以说是无处不在,无时不存。青海汉族神灵崇拜虽源于中原文化,但也受地方原始宗教的影响,虽无完整意义上的教义与宗教组织,但神灵崇拜体系比较庞杂,一些祭神活动有明显的地域特色,这就决定了青海汉族神灵崇拜有其自身的一些特点。而神灵崇拜与当地社会生产、生活紧密联系在一起,不同程度地影响着生产的发展和生活的改善。     

数字时代数字技术崇拜的机制与实质

数字技术崇拜是一种从心理、行为和价值观上深受数字系统影响的社会现象,其特征主要表现为对数字技术及其产品构成的数字系统过于依赖、过度上瘾以及对其塑造的意识形态过度顺服的社会异态关系。这种社会现象的形成主要基于数字化的生存状态,技术理性的迅速扩张和感官系统的极致调动。究其本质,数字技术崇拜背后是经由数字资本逻辑重构社会秩序、数字技术内生意识形态和数字权力塑造单向度人共建而成的机制。面对数字时代人类境遇的遮蔽,并不等于要一刀切地舍弃数据和算法的便利性,而是要唤醒人的数字主体性意识,建立数字权利的政府保障机制和树立正确的数字价值观。     

蒙古人的格斯尔崇拜

格斯尔是藏族和蒙古族史诗<格(萨)斯尔>中所塑造的英雄人物.随着<格斯尔>在蒙古族地区的广泛流传,格斯尔形象在蒙古人心中也深深地扎下了根,成为他们崇拜的人物.蒙古人对格斯尔英雄的信仰崇拜,集中体现在风物传说、寺庙、敖包、祭祀、那达慕、家教等诸方面.这些崇拜既熔铸了蒙古人的审美情趣,又蕴藏着蒙古人极为丰富的文化内涵.     

成长的悲歌--马克·吐温《圣女贞德传》简论

<圣女贞德传>表面上是一部圣女贞德的传记,实际上是小说中的叙述者德·孔泰的心灵成长史.整部小说的情节按照天真--神启(诱惑)与出走--冒险--迷惘--顿悟的顺序展开.文中的仙女树,象征着成长的意义和作者的自然神崇拜,它是作者与德*孔泰共同的精神家园.     

浅论图腾崇拜的特点及影响——兼论图腾崇拜向祖先崇拜的演变

图腾崇拜是人类历史上极为古老而奇特的文化现象之一。它是在原始社会母系氏族时期与氏族制度一起形成的,图腾是不同婚姻集团和氏族的标志。与其它原始宗教形式相比具有自己的特点,对原始社会的发展产生了重大的影响。最终随着生产力的发展、科学知识的普及以及人类的认识水平的提高,图腾崇拜逐渐走向消亡,并最终为祖先崇拜所取代。     

金平傣族多重信仰文化探析

金平傣族是一个跨中越边境而居的特殊族群,可细分为白傣、黑傣、普洱傣以及曼仗傣等四个亚族群。由于历史渊源、分布地域的不同以及社会文化的差异等原因,其信仰文化具有与其他地区的傣族不尽相同的特征。本文在长期深入细致的田野调查的基础上,对金平傣族的多重信仰文化进行初步探析,认为金平傣族的信仰文化呈现出以民间信仰和南传佛教信仰为主、兼有道教文化以及儒家文化信仰的多重信仰文化的特色,这实际上是多种信仰文化长期交融与变迁的结果。这一结论有助于改变以往学界对傣族似为“全民信教”（信仰佛教）或“双重信仰”（民间信仰与佛教信仰）的简单化认识。