《侵权责任法》第16条之我见——对残疾赔偿金与死亡赔偿金的解读

《侵权责任法》第22条规定了精神抚慰金,第16条规定了残疾赔偿金与死亡赔偿金,而没有规定被扶养人的抚养费请求权。由于＂两金＂在性质上属于精神抚慰金,所以,＂两金＂与精神抚慰金不得主张;尽管＂两金＂与被扶养人的抚养费性质不同,理论上似乎可以并用,但由于＂两金＂在赔偿标准上采取了＂遗失利益损害赔偿＂的计算方法,使对受害人及其家庭的救济达到了如同没有发生侵权损害一样,所以,被扶养人的抚养费亦不可以与＂两金＂并用。     

对偏远少数民族地区英语课堂教学有效途径的探索——几种外语教学法流派在农村中小学英语教学中的灵活运用

本文指出偏远少数民族地区教师因地制宜,因材施教,最大限度地提高偏远少数民族地区的外语教学水平。     

Optimal Age Policy for a Used System with Imperfect Preventive Maintenance and Cumulative Damage Model

In this article, the concept of imperfect preventive maintenance is discussed and an age maintenance policy is developed based on the cumulative damage model for a used system with initial variable damage. The deterioration of the system is assumed to suffer the non-homogeneous Poisson shocks which can be divided into two types with stochastic probability: Type-I shock (minor) yields a random amount of additive damage of the system, or Type-II shock (catastrophic) causes the system to fail. An age preventive maintenance policy T is presented in which the system undergoes preventive maintenance at a scheduled lifetime T, or corrective maintenance at first Type-II shock and the total damage exceeds a threshold level, whichever occurs first. The objective is to determine the optimal preventive maintenance schedule such that the expected cost rate is minimized. The optimal solution is derived analytically and discussed numerically.     

论大学生权利的维护

高校享有办学自主权,但这并不意味着高校可以任意处分学生,新《普通高等学校学生管理规定》的颁布,使学生原本被限制和剥夺的一些法定基本权利得到了保护。学生合法权益的维护直接关系到高校的稳定,围绕学校和学生纠纷争议的逃课和作弊两大热点问题,就学校制定的一些不利于学生权利维护的校纪校规进行剖析,提出大学生权利维护的教育申诉制度和教育行政诉讼途径。     

论道教维护传统社会核心价值“孝”的策略

"孝"是传统社会核心价值之一,而道教曾经发挥过巨大的推动作用。特别是汉魏两晋南北朝时期,在儒家孝道内陷危机,外受佛教文化强烈冲击的情势下,道教把孝道义务建立在"长寿成仙"深层需要之上的"形上立道策略",以"长寿成仙"信仰改造和提升儒家孝道观念,吸收佛教文化因素的"一核多元策略",以及运用鬼神力量神化孝道、完善因果报应机制、强化道德监督力量的"神道设教策略",极大地扩展了孝道践行的社会基础,提升了孝道观念的合理性,强化了孝道教化的效果。这些维护策略,对于当前多元文化背景下的核心价值体系建设,亦具有一定的启示意义。     

Community Based Rural Health Care in India

SUMMARY

India is a large country, geographically as well as popula-tionwise. The majority of its population lives in rural areas, i.e., villages. Again, most of the villages are in remote areas. The State has been making sincere efforts to make the basic social services accessible to all in the rural area. Health being one of the vital services, it has been a challenging task before the State to extend it to the remote rural areas, many of which are not yet connected by motorable roads. As a result of various experiments carried out over the last five decades, the State has developed a fairly well-designed primary health care service, and it is in operation in rural areas. However, there appears to be a striking gap between the delivery of health services in rural areas and utilization of the services by the people. Attempts have been made in this article to apprise the readers of the health service system in India, and it discusses the issue of health service delivery at the village level. The discussion is based on a small study carried out in a rural area in the State of West Bengal (India) where students of social work of the University to which the author belongs are placed for field work. Following the inputs received through supervision of the students' work, the study was initiated and conducted.

This article based on the study seeks to focus on peoples' perception of the health services as provided by the State in rural areas, which in turn gets reflected in the extent to which they utilize the services. Social workers being an integral part of the health set up, their role bears special significance. Discussion, therefore, centres on scope for social work intervention at the community level as well as in institutional level of the health service delivery system to make the services meaningful and effective in rural areas. In fact, it has to take the leadership role in reforming the service delivery system when required.     

Using natural language processing technology for qualitative data analysis

Social researchers often apply qualitative research methods to study groups and their communications artifacts. The use of computer-mediated communications has dramatically increased the volume of text available, but coding such text requires considerable manual effort. We discuss how systems that process text in human languages (i.e. natural language processing [NLP]) might partially automate content analysis by extracting theoretical evidence. We present a case study of the use of NLP for qualitative analysis in which the NLP rules showed good performance on a number of codes. With the current level of performance, use of an NLP system could reduce the amount of text to be examined by a human coder by an order of magnitude or more, potentially increasing the speed of coding by a comparable degree. The paper is significant as it is one of the first to demonstrate the use of high-level NLP techniques for qualitative data analysis.     

Cognitive Coping Strategies of Newlyweds Adjusting to Marriage

The current study focused on the cognitive strategies newlyweds used to cope with distress due to adjustments during the transition to marriage. Forty-two recently married husbands and wives (21 couples) were interviewed, and a qualitative thematic analysis was used in the investigation. Several themes emerged regarding the types of cognitive coping strategies that have potential to add nuanced understanding of some formerly identified cognitive processes, which may have helped maintain satisfying relationships in the midst of unexpected adjustments. The implications for explaining the paradoxical nature of the transition to marriage and for further research and application toward premarital education are discussed.     

Losing localism,constraining councillors: why the Northern Territory supershires are struggling

Local government reform in Australia's sparsely settled Northern Territory resulted in the emergence of large, remote area, regional shires in 2008. This paper outlines the history of remote area local government in the Northern Territory since ‘self-government’ in 1978 and compares these new large supershires with the more dispersed system of local government which preceded them. It argues that the large remote area shires are struggling to be accepted by their predominantly Aboriginal constituencies due to two significant changes in ideas. The first is a loss of the ideas of localism and self-determination, which sustained the previous generation of smaller, dispersed local governments. The second is the rise of the idea that the roles of elected councillors in local government should be constrained and those of appointed staff enhanced. The paper questions the wisdom of both these changes in the particular context of remote area, predominantly Indigenous, local government.     

社区选举：在政治冷漠与高投票率之间

本文试图回答这样一个问题：为什么在选民普遍冷漠的情况下,居委会换届选举依然实现了非常高的投票率？通过对上海市2006年社区选举的考察,我们发现高投票率与一人多票是分不开的。一方面,家庭而非个人是最基本的投票单位,通常一个家庭只有一名成员亲自投票;另一方面,无限制的委托投票赋予了社区积极分子事实上的“复票权”。这种局面实际上是政府、党总支/居委会、积极分子和选民共谋的结果。与村民自治相比,城市社区选举之所以缺乏活力,关键在于村委会选举以分配性利益为基础,需要选出“当家人”;而居委会选举以维持性利益为基础,只要选出“守夜人”。居民的政治冷漠实际上是由社区的利益结构所决定的,而社区选举的制度安排又进一步强化了人们的冷漠。