选取实际建筑,首次有效地将居民建筑能源消费模型和DOE(Design of Experiment)实验设计法相结合,从微观层面对不同居民家庭住宅能耗进行多次模拟,分析不同居民家庭的人均能耗差异及导致差异的关键能源消费行为。研究结果表明:不同能源消费行为会造成人均能耗的巨大差异,居住在同一建筑情况下,65岁独居退休夫妇的人均能耗是35~64岁之间并且有2名未成年人生活的工薪家庭的1.65倍,是25~34岁并且没有未成年人的工薪家庭的1.23倍。造成此差异的各个能源消费行为中,家庭成员数目对于居民人均能耗影响程度最大,其次分别为地理位置、居民年龄、空调最低温度设定及建筑空调覆盖面积。因此,合理引导并控制居民能源消费,政府需要在重点关注家庭能源消费区域差异性的同时,积极从居民家庭模式、居民年龄结构层面进行宏观引导,并且大力倡导居民在满足舒适度情况下合理控制住宅制冷温度及住宅空调覆盖面积。 相似文献
The looming oil crisis, pollution, and climate change have pushed governments, corporations, and individuals to think of new policies, new objects/products and new manners to market them – usually under the label of “green economy” (or the shifting towards a sustainable economy).
The changes that are on the way as a result of the envisaged “green revolution” need a broad vision that couples the economy of energetic techniques with the related socio-cultural economy that is induced by, and at the same time reciprocally influences, the mere technical transformations.
Based on previous analysis of theories of socio-technological change and putting at its center the concept of subjectivation in social sciences, this article proposes a theoretical understanding of cultural shifts and their relationship with changes in the practices of production, transfer and use of energy.
First part presents a schema of subjectivation in triangulation, that links the biological level with the material culture and with the representational realm of normativities in our society. It will be developed through the example of electric vehicle as metaphor of the energetic transition. Through this understanding, second part deals with the modeling of the three items as a processual energetic system by using the concepts of surplus and expenditure. Within this frame, we show how disruptions in one of the poles of this model influences the others and bring about changes in the entire Anthropo-Social level. Third part proposes possible types of emerging subjectivities and advances the idea of extending the realm of consciousness to the energetic transfers and their potentiality. 相似文献