Protection and Advocacy for Individuals with Mental Illness Act

Abstract

This study explored the perceptions of one state's policy stakeholders toward the implementation of the Protection and Advocacy for Individuals with Mental Illness Act (PAIMI Act). This congressional act established state programs authorized to investigate abuse, neglect, and civil rights violations against individuals with mental illness in residential facilities. A qualitative case study approach was selected to study the perceptions of the impact of this law. Participants were chosen using a maximum variation sampling of four diverse stakeholder groups. In-depth interview responses were developed into a series of proposed assertions regarding the impact of the PAIMI Act.     

The Culture of High-Risk Alcohol Use Among Club and Intramural Athletes

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the drinking patterns of club and intramural college athletes and compare their alcohol consumption, perceived norms around the excessive use of alcohol, experience of negative consequences, and employment of protective strategies with those of campus varsity athletes. Participants: A total of 442 undergraduate students attending a private, suburban institution in the Northeast participated in the American College Health Association National College Health Assessment-II Web survey in spring 2011. Thirty-five students identified themselves as varsity athletes, 76 identified as club sport athletes, and 196 students identified themselves as intramural athletes. Methods: Survey responses were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The Pearson's correlation coefficient and test for independence were applied to identify significant relationships between athlete status and identified variables related to alcohol use. Results: Results indicated that there were significant correlations between athlete status and all variables, to varying degrees. Conclusions: These findings have implications for campus health promotion professionals and athletics program coordinators seeking to address high-risk alcohol use among college athletes.     

The Eating Disorders NOS Diagnostic Profile Among College Women

Abstract

The authors examined a proposed profile of eating-related behaviors, associated features, developmental issues, and help-seeking behavior among college women, using an eating disorder response program. The most common symptom scenario was a pattern of regular binge eating, together with daily exercise and occasional purging. The most common associated features were distressing or dysfunctional overconcern about body image and self-esteem, usually with day-to-day stress and intermittent depression. The women who fit this pattern also presented developmental issues of perfectionism, conflictual relationships with parents, and struggles for independence; and they tended to be ambivalent about seeking services. Implications for practice, including the need to develop a framework for eating disorder responses on campus that includes preventive programs and developmental interventions to target emerging and moderate concerns are discussed; limitations and the preliminary nature of the findings are explicated.     

Social Connectedness,Self-Esteem,and Depression Symptomatology Among Collegiate Athletes Versus Nonathletes

Objective: The authors compared collegiate athletes and nonathletes to see whether there were significant differences in the perceived levels of social connectedness, self-esteem, and depression and if an interaction among the variables of athlete status, gender, GPA, BMI, and levels of weekly exercise and sleep were associated with depression symptomatology. Participants: Participants were 227 college students. Method: The authors surveyed students using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Social Connectedness Scale-Revised. Results: Athletes had significantly greater levels of self-esteem and social connectedness, as well as significantly lower levels of depression, than did nonathletes. However, the statistically strongest predictors of depression in this cohort were the variables of gender, self-esteem, social connectedness, and sleep. Conclusion: This study adds to the limited and inconsistent research in the empirical knowledge base regarding depression among collegiate athletes.     

藏汉中学生心理健康水平比较研究综述

心理健康教育是教育者应用心理学、教育学、社会学乃至精神医学等多种学科的理论和技术,通过多种途径与方法,培养学生良好的心理素质,提高心理机能,充分发挥其心理潜能,从而促进学生整体素质全面提高和发展的教育。藏族学生在学校学习的过程实际上是两种或两种以上文化之间交流并融合的过程,所有影响交流的因素都有可能对藏族学生的心理发展产生影响。教育落后是制约西部地区经济发展的根本原因。因此,研究西部少数民族学生的心理与教育,对于加快发展西部教育事业具有强烈的现实意义。     

Competition and The Operational Performance of Hospitals: The Role of Hospital Objectives

We examine the effect of a hospital's objective (i.e., non‐profit vs. for‐profit) in hospital markets for elective care. Using game‐theoretic analysis and queueing models to capture the operational performance of hospitals, we compare the equilibrium behavior of three market settings in terms of such criteria as waiting times and patient costs from waiting and hospital payments. In the first setting, a monopoly, patients are served exclusively by a single non‐profit hospital; in the second, a homogeneous duopoly, patients are served by two competing non‐profit hospitals. In our third setting, a heterogeneous duopoly, the market is served by one non‐profit hospital and one for‐profit hospital. A non‐profit hospital provides free care to patients, although they may have to wait; for‐profit hospitals charge a fee to provide care with minimal waiting. A comparison between the monopolistic and each of the duopolistic settings reveals that the introduction of competition can hamper a hospital's ability to attain economies of scale and can also increase waiting times. Moreover, the presence of a for‐profit sector may be desirable only when the hospital market is sufficiently competitive. A comparison across the duopolistic settings indicates that the choice between homogeneous and heterogeneous competition depends on the patients' willingness to wait before receiving care and the reimbursement level of the non‐profit sector. When the public funder is not financially constrained, the presence of a for‐profit sector may allow the funder to lower both the financial costs of providing coverage and the total costs to patients. Finally, our analysis suggests that the public funder should exercise caution when using policy tools that support the for‐profit sector—for example, patient subsidies—because such tools may increase patient costs in the long run; it might be preferable to raise the non‐profit sector's level of reimbursement.     

基于灰色系统建模技术的人体疾病早期预测预警研究

传统健康体检主要通过对单次体检指标进行横向比较和静态分析,忽略个体差异,纯粹从指标高低来判断体检者健康状况与身体状态,难以及时发现体检者可能存在的疾病隐患。由于个体体检指标具有样本量小、信息不确定、数据类型异构、影响因素构成复杂等特征,传统以大样本为基础的数学模型均难以适应此类小数据系统的建模要求。为此,通过建立适用于人体主要指标趋势预测的灰色系统模型（简称HIGM（1,1）模型）,实现对人体主要健康指标的动态建模与趋势分析,从而可以掌握体检者未来一段时间身体指标的变化趋势及可能存在的疾病隐患。研究成果对提升体检效果、强化体检意义,促进灰色理论与现实问题的有效对接等方面,均具有积极意义。     

食管癌患者健康相关生命质量研究

目的:探讨食管癌患者的健康相关生命质量现状及影响因素?方法:采用一般资料问卷?欧洲五维度健康评定量表(EQ-5D量表),对209例食管癌患者进行问卷调查,采用单因素分析和多因素分析探讨食管癌患者健康相关生命质量的影响因素? 结果:食管癌患者行动?自我照顾?日常活动?疼痛/不适?焦虑/抑郁五个维度存在问题的比例分别为18.2%?12.0%?22.0%?38.3%?25.4%;自评健康得分(VAS评分)为(75.20 ± 11.00)分;综合健康指数得分(Index得分)为(0.84 ± 0.22)分?患者的性别?家庭年收入?文化程度是VAS评分的主要影响因素;患者的年龄?治疗方式?肿瘤分期?医保类型是Index得分的主要影响因素?结论:实施心理干预?早诊早治?大病医疗保险有助于提高食管癌患者健康相关生命质量?     

传统文化语境下生态心理疗法在城市公园的推广

从传统文化价值观的角度论证了增进心身健康(潘菽的心身理论)是城市园林的首要功能,并以园艺疗法为理论基础拓展其内容为生态心理疗法。提出了城市公园是否可将少部分的草坪区革新成全民健身的乐活角的问题。在举例宋明时期以疗养心身为目的的园林典范的基础上,综合园林史、中医史、社会生活史论述了生态心理疗法治愈心灵创伤的机制作用;再以现代城市公园为例,阐释了推广乐活角的可行性和改造设计草坪景观的方法;最后,总结了当代城市社会心理疾病增多的现实以强调实现生态心理疗法推广的重要性。     

福州市幼儿教师心理健康状况及其影响因素分析

采用SCL-90症状自评量表,对福州市6所幼儿园的151名幼儿教师进行测试,探讨幼儿教师心理健康状况,结果表明：心理健康水平显著低于全国成人常模;心理健康问题检出率排前三位的依次是强迫症状、抑郁、躯体化;公办园幼儿教师的心理健康状况差于民办园幼儿教师;不同学历、不同年龄、不同月收入的幼儿教师心理健康状况差别不显著;教龄高的幼儿教师心理健康状况差于教龄低的幼儿教师;对自己的收入越满意、对职业越喜欢、职业满意度越高、职业幸福感越高,则心理健康水平倾向于越高。