控制性赋权:基层政府精准扶贫的实践逻辑——基于国家级贫困县J村的田野考察

“赋权”是理解精准扶贫政策的重要视角。田野考察发现基层扶贫实践既有“赋权”又有变通的“控制”,由此导致了扶贫过程中“精准”程度有所差异,为此,需要从基层政府的行动逻辑分析精准扶贫的实践逻辑。研究发现,地方政府从外部选派驻村扶贫工作队,由于较少受到当地社会网络的约束使其能够“理性行动”,但在“限期”脱贫的目标责任制下,基层的扶贫工作队受到了“规避责任”与“追求政绩”的双重约束,故此工作队根据自利原则策略性地选择了赋权或控制策略。进一步考察发现,扶贫工作队主要通过利用传统权力结构、地方性知识及现代化知识话语“异化”赋权策略,从而构建了“控制性赋权”的实践逻辑。基于此,地方政府应着力于构建“外派”与“内生”相结合的基层扶贫工作队,设置部分基于“赋权”“参与”的考核指标,培训提高扶贫干部对贫困户的尊重和理解,从而使得长效脱贫的精准扶贫政策能够得以执行。     

邮政储蓄银行小额信贷之路初探

邮政储蓄银行已正式挂牌,在社区银行定位的同时被委以服务于农村的重任。组建邮政储蓄银行,实施邮政储弩金融业务的专业化经营不仅符合国际邮政储蓄金融制度变革的潮流,而且对推动我国金融体制改革的深化,进一步完善我国金融市场的建设具有十分积极的意义。本文对邮政储蓄银行成立后开展小额信贷业务的可行性、必要性及经营战略进行了一些探索,以期对新成立的邮政储蓄银行有所借鉴。     

The Impact of Personal Finance Education Delivered in High School and College Courses

This study investigates the impact of personal finance education delivered in high school and college. Outcomes of interest were investment knowledge and household savings rates measured years after the financial education was delivered. A web-based survey with questions about participation in financial education, financial experiences, income and inheritances, and demographic characteristics was administered to 1,039 alumni from a large midwestern university. Participation in a college level personal finance course was associated with higher levels of investment knowledge. Experience with financial instruments appeared to explain more of the variance in both investment knowledge and savings rates. No significant relationship between taking a high school course and investment knowledge was found. Financial experiences were found to be positively associated with savings rates.

中国老年人储蓄对家庭消费的影响 ——基于CHARLS面板数据的分析

在我国快速老龄化和居民储蓄率居高不下的背景下,结合老年人储蓄偏好和消费特点,构建家庭消费计量分析模型,文章利用CHARLS2011、2013、2015年微观跟踪调查数据,采用工具变量—随机效应模型划分年龄层次和消费类别逐级估计,重点考察老年人储蓄对其家庭消费的影响。研究表明,老年人储蓄水平越高,对家庭消费的促进能力就越强;分城乡来看,农村老年人储蓄对家庭消费的贡献更大;按年龄组别来看,中、低龄老年人储蓄对家庭消费的影响显著,高龄老年人储蓄对家庭消费的影响不显著;按消费类别看,老年人储蓄偏重于家庭基本生活、教育文化、健康等刚性消费支出,城镇和农村老年人储蓄对不同消费类别影响的差异主要表现在日常支出、医疗保健和耐用消费品等方面。此外,研究还发现,老年人拥有房产对家庭消费具有非常明显的提振作用,家庭收入和老年人借贷对家庭消费的贡献显著。     

The 2015 welfare reform of the National Basic Livelihood Security System in South Korea: Effects on economic outcomes

In July 2015, South Korea’s National Basic Livelihood Security System (NBLSS) was reformed for the purposes of eliminating welfare blind spots and reducing poverty. The reform is expected to affect the recipients’ economic behaviours and choices. In this study, we used changes in benefits and eligibility for the NBLSS under the customised benefit system to identify the effects of the change in the NBLSS on a proposed set of economic outcomes – income, labour supply, consumption, savings, poverty reduction. To estimate the effects, we used data from the 10th–12th waves of the Korea Welfare Panel Study and employed a difference‐in‐differences framework integrated with the propensity scores. We found that the NBLSS helps the poor to reduce financial and material hardships through income and consumption increments, but that it does not provide disincentives to the recipients from participating in the labour market or from saving.     

What influences the size of child maintenance payments? A register‐based study of maintenance payments in Finland

The aim of this study was to explore how particular economic and demographic factors contribute to the level of the child maintenance payment (CMP) paid by the non‐resident parent. For this study, we used 5‐year longitudinal panel data from years 2009 to 2013 consisting of over 80,000 non‐resident parents from the Finnish Tax Administration and The Finnish Population Register Centre. Results from regression models indicate that the single biggest factor affecting the size of CMPs is the number of dependent children. We found that the non‐resident parent's higher income is associated with higher CMPs and that non‐resident fathers pay on average larger CMPs than non‐resident mothers, even after accounting for differences in income. Unexpectedly, we found that the age of the dependent child did not predict changes in CMPs. This suggests that once formal CMP‐contracts are determined between the parents, they are seldom changed. Our results suggest that some degree of mandatory periodic review for maintenance contracts is worth considering.     

邢台和天津大气污染物影响因素的灰色关联分析

空气污染已成为我国最受关注的环境问题。文章利用灰色关联分析模型研究了天津市和邢台市大气污染源与污染物浓度的关系。基于2013年到2016年空气质量数据和社会经济数据,分析邢台和天津的大气污染物来源,邢台和天津大气主要污染源分别为工业、常住人口、农业、汽车保有量。研究发现,工业体系对邢台空气质量影响最大,常住人口对天津市空气质量影响最大。结果表明,影响不同城市空气质量的主要污染源并不一致。因此,不同地区在大气污染治理过程中应根据自身特点采取相应的措施。     

新疆居民消费对经济增长的影响分析

在分析新疆居民消费及经济增长现状的基础上,利用协整检验和格兰杰因果关系检验等方法对1990²012年新疆居民消费与经济增长的关系进行研究的结果表明,新疆居民消费总量和国内生产总值不断扩大,但居民消费对经济增长的作用逐步弱化,以1999年为主转折点,新疆经济增长的方式由消费拉动型转向为投资推动型;居民消费与经济增长之间存在长期稳定的均衡关系,且两者互为因果关系,新疆居民消费对经济增长具有显著性的拉动作用。对此,提出扩大居民消费需求,促进经济增长方式由粗放型向集约型转变;完善消费环境,提高居民消费信心,扩大居民消费规模;丰富消费品种,刺激居民消费等对策建议。     

帮扶实践中驻村干部与农民的关系互动及其逻辑

驻村帮扶是国家推进脱贫攻坚战略有效落地的重要机制,并延续到乡村振兴时期。帮扶实践中的干部与农民互动实质上体现为干部动员和农民参与,而动员与参与的协调、匹配程度对帮扶绩效和乡村治理效果产生影响。基于此,本文构建“动员-参与”协同性与乡村治理有效性的关联性分析框架,以辽宁省3个村庄为例,对帮扶实践中驻村干部与农民的关系互动及其内在逻辑进行研究,进而为驻村帮扶机制的有效运作提供智力支持。研究表明：（1）驻村干部的回应性动员与农民的治理性参与共同形成高协同性的积极互动;驻村干部的行政性动员与农民的维权性参与则形成互动缺失下的冲突状况;驻村干部的回应性动员下农民仍然不参与,主要是能力不足导致;驻村干部的行政性动员下农民不参与则主要是缺乏参与意愿。（2）驻村干部动员的回应性与农民参与的治理性产生关联,并共同影响“动员-参与”协同性;“动员-参与”协同性对关系互动有效性产生正向影响,并共同促进乡村治理的有效性。（3）从消极互动到积极互动的核心转化机制在于提高驻村干部动员的回应性,进而促进农民的治理性参与,激活村庄内生资源禀赋,最终达致高度协同、积极互动、治理有效的理想状态。     

实现农民工市民化是解决农民工问题的根本途径

当前农民工问题的持续存在已经成为经济社会发展的重要障碍,既不利于整个宏观经济的稳定,也不利于发展以适度规模经营为目标的现代农业。而从就业、劳动权益、居住、户籍等方面给予进城农民平等的权利和待遇,全面实现农民工市民化,是解决农民工问题的根本途径。