基于GWR模型的武汉市住宅地价影响因素研究

采用文献综述法、地统计法、GWR模型等方法,在分析武汉市2004—2011年住宅地价空间分异特征的基础上,筛选影响住宅地价表现的因素构建GWR(地理加权回归)模型,探索每一影响因素对住宅地价影响力的区位差异,以期从微观区位的角度为城市规划和房地产开发提供建议。研究表明:总体而言,武汉市住宅地价空间呈现较为明显的单中心结构,并随着到市中心距离的增加呈圈层式递减;主干道、地铁及规划管制(容积率)对武汉市住宅地价表现的影响力较大;规划管制(容积率)、主干道、生活品市场及教育资源对住宅地价的影响力具有明显的空间分异特征,即以上因素对住宅地价的影响力在不同的微观区位具有统计学意义上的明显差异。     

宅基地城乡间流转研究——基于T县城镇化的调查简

T县宅基地流转市场不活跃,交易方式单一,交易价格偏低,与大城市周边农村地区宅基地交易市场的火热场面迥异。“同心圆梯度差”现象客观存在．城郊农村与偏远农村之间的差异不容忽视,偏远农村宅基地城乡间流转的条件尚不成熟。偏远农村地区宅基地向城市居民流转的渠道不畅通,相关政策和规定的限制、农村地区基础建设落后、熟人社会的排外意识、农村居民对房宅的惜售心理构成了宅基地流转的主要障碍。宅基地的使用价值优先于财产价值,保障作用重要于融资作用,宅基地城乡间流转的必要性不充分、效率性不显著。宅基地制度改革需稳妥推进．宅基地城乡间流转应以大城市周边农村地区为试点,从城郊农村向偏远农村逐步推进。同时,要借鉴土地发展权制度,对尚未实施宅基地城乡间流转政策的农村地区的居民予以补贴。对于宅基地所具有的财产价值,主要通过放开抵押、担保、出租等与宅基地的居住保障功能较为兼容的财产收益方式给予保障。     

我国公路资产管理的市场化运作

介绍了公路资产证券化、公路经营权转让及BOT 3种我国公路资产管理市场化运作方式的发展现状和特点,并总结了市场化运作过程中存在的主要问题,认为目前我国公路资产管理市场化的关键在于进一步完善法律环境,同时提供良好的政策环境。     

城市生态住区建设刍议

城市生态住区是城市生态建设的重要组成部分,它对提高居民的生活环境质量、增强居民的身心健康至关重要,具有很强的生态服务功能。该文阐述了城市生态住区的概念和特征,介绍了国内外城市生态住区的建设情况,提出生态住区应包括城市生态住区物质生态层和精神生态层的建设,认为我国住区环境建设要以“改善人居环境生活质量”为起点,营造以生态学原理为指导的生态住区建设,并最终促进住区和城市的社会发展和稳定。     

中国农村居民生活用能现状、问题与应对

农村能源转型是农村现代化的重要内容,也是当前中国能源系统转型的一个短板。回顾近四十年来中国农村能源发展取得的巨大成就,能源供应呈现多元化,清洁能源普及率稳步上升;电力基础设施质量显著提升,电价大幅下降后稳定在较低水平。揭示了农村居民生活用能存在的一些问题及原因:传统能源与现代能源并存,清洁商品能用量少;清洁能源基础设施建设难度大、运行维护资金投入少;低收入水平家庭比重高,用能能力偏弱;农户对传统能源的健康风险认知落后,对不同炉具设施的质量缺乏判断能力。进一步分析了固体燃料利用造成的健康和社会经济影响,结合中国的实际情况指出了今后的重点工作领域。     

农地确权能够在农村信贷市场发挥“德·索托效应”吗？——兼论中国农地抵押之佯谬

理论分析农地确权发挥德·索托效应的作用机理及其服务边界,同时兼论实践中的中国农地抵押之佯谬,以此综合评估确权后中国农地金融改革能否有效缓解农村信贷市场的融资约束难题,由此也延伸出对创新农村融资模式以满足农户融资需求的进一步讨论。分析表明,农地确权的德·索托效应在农村信贷市场尚不能完全发挥,其对融资约束的缓解作用在信贷需求端“有效”,而在信贷供给端“有限”,农户融资需求无法有效转化为实际供给。分析现阶段中国农地抵押的法律困境和委托代理问题发现,中国农地抵押改革在实践过程中存在佯谬,致使农地确权的德·索托效应在信贷供给端受限：一是外部环境尚未建立起服务于农地抵押的配套制度与措施,导致农地经营权无法成为金融机构认可的合格抵押品;二是农商行二元目标不一致及其与农户之间的信息不对称致使农地抵押贷款“失灵”。最后,建议加强农地金融改革的顶层设计,深化农地金融改革与缓解融资约束的有效对接;另外,可从抵押替代机制角度,探析缓解农村融资约束困境的创新模式。     

Interprofessional collaboration between residential child care and mental care practitioners: a cross-country study in six European countries

ABSTRACT

The severe mental health problems of many of the young people living in residential settings pose a great challenge and demand on child protection and mental care (MC) services. Drawing on comparative research and debates from six European countries, this study examines demands for integrated care and interprofessional collaboration practices between residential child care (RCC) and MC. In this article, research data will be brought together from Denmark, Finland, Germany, Lithuania, the UK (Scotland) and Spain. In total, 61 practitioners from RCC and MC were interviewed. Given the complexity of the residential care service context and service system differences across national contexts, the original hypothesis was that this would differentiate the collaboration practices. However, the similarity between the countries is greater than anticipated. The concluding findings are organised by matrix technique into a content-analytic summary table. The main finding was that in spite of encouragement for integrated RCC, obstacles for collaboration and lack of coordination between systems remain, often related to understanding the professional role and tasks, lack of shared knowledge, attitudes and ways of communication. One significant finding in the cross-country comparison was the evident and unrealistic expectations for the ‘other’ provider to help and care.     

Peer relationships during late childhood in internationally adopted and institutionalized children

The aim of this study was to analyse the interpersonal relationships in the school context of children living in different care settings (adoptive families, residential care centres, birth families). Participants were 76 children between eight and fourteen years of age (M = 10.78, SD = 1.38), belonging to one of three groups: international adoptees, children living in residential care in Spanish institutions, and a comparison sample of Spanish children living with their birth families with no connection with child protection. Sociometric information was collected in the classroom of each child during school hours. Internationally adopted children from Russia showed considerable difficulties in their relationships with peers; they were more likely to be rejected and their peers described them as less prosocial and somewhat more aggressive. With a better sociometric position than the adoptees, children in residential care were rated by their peers as more aggressive and less prosocial than the normative population. Coordination and integrated work between the family, protection centres, schools, and other social services should be a strategic priority in the promotion of healthy social development in these groups of children.     

Adolescents in residential treatment: The prevalence of ACEs,substance use and justice involvement

Abstract

Although associations between developmental trauma, juvenile justice involvement and youth substance use have been previously reported in the published literature, the interconnection among these three factors has not been adequately studied. This article describes the interconnection among these three factors and calls for greater attention to the role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in the diagnosis and treatment of youth who present with histories of substance use and/or offending behavior. Pilot data are presented that show high rates of self-reported trauma exposure, substance use history, justice involvement, and mental health problems in a sample of adolescents in residential treatment. The data point to the need for residential treatment centers to consider trauma histories in developing treatment plans for youth with current and prior substance use and offending behavior.     

Staff and family attitudes to fences as a means of detaining people with dementia in residential aged care settings: The tension between physical and emotional safety

This study investigates staff and family attitudes towards the use of the fences that surround many aged care facilities in Australia, in the context of indefinite detention of people with dementia. This indefinite detention has been described in a report from an Australian Senate Inquiry as “a significant problem within the aged care context”, which “is often informal, unregulated and unlawful”. Five focus groups comprising direct care workers, family members, nurse unit managers and facility managers discussed the reasons for and their attitudes towards fences. The results show a tension between the provision of physical and emotional safety. This is to say that even while it is illegal to detain people with dementia against their will, and even while participants understood the negative impact of fences on the well‐being and emotional safety of people with dementia, they accepted and supported the presence of perimeter fences because they provided the perception that fences kept people with dementia physically safe. This has implications for redressing the balance between physical and emotional safety in policy and practice.