公办高校债务化解的政府责任及对策研究

由于政府对高等教育干预越位、投入不到位和监管缺位,致使高校债务问题逐步形成并愈演愈烈,公办高校沉重的债务负担已成为当前影响和制约高等教育健康发展的重要因素。应由政府主导高校债务危机化解,通过加大政府财政投入、政府直接介入债务化解、政府支持和鼓励高校多渠道筹资等途径来解决高校的债务问题。     

Empathy to action: Child and adolescent out‐group attitudes and prosocial behaviors in a setting of intergroup conflict

The paper explored how to promote constructive intergroup relations among children and young people in a context of protracted conflict. Across two studies, the Empathy–Attitudes–Action model was examined in middle childhood and adolescence. More specifically, we tested the relations among dispositional empathy, out‐group attitudes, and prosocial behaviors for youth born after the peace agreement in Northern Ireland. In one correlational (Study 1: N = 132; 6–11 years old: M = 8.42 years, SD = 1.23) and one longitudinal design (Study 2: N = 466; 14–15 years old), bootstrapped mediation analyses revealed that empathy was associated with more positive attitudes toward the conflict‐related out‐group, which in turn, was related to higher out‐group prosocial behaviors, both self‐report and concrete actions. Given that out‐group prosocial acts in a setting of intergroup conflict may serve as the antecedents for peacebuilding among children and adolescents, this study has intervention implications.     

“北川模式”与几种纠纷解决机制的比较研究

在我国经济社会快速发展的过程中,各类社会矛盾纠纷日益凸显,不断探索解决社会矛盾纠纷的新机制,成为当前法学研究与法律实践中的热点之一。“北川模式”、“南通模式”、“厦门模式”、“陵县经验”、“枫桥经验”是几种有代表性的社会矛盾纠纷解决机制,通过对它们各自基本内涵的异同进行比较后发现,“北川模式”更符合多元化纠纷解决机制的要求,更值得借鉴与推广。     

域名权与站名权的属性与冲突——以两个“开心网”、两个“去哪(儿)”网案为比较

域名权与站名权均为新型权益即信息财产权。域名权体现了权益人对其所合法注册持有的域名的专有、使用、租借、转让、续展等权益;站名权体现了权益人对其所创建的网站的名称享有专有、使用、转让等权益。当己方的域名与站名词汇拼写不同时,容易出现他方侵犯己方域名权或站名权的纠纷。从法理上讲,立法应当设定域名权与站名权,中国境内现仅有行政立法和司法解释涉及域名权益,关于域名权与站名权的立法远未形成,域名权与站名权冲突的权宜解决一般按商标侵权或不正当竞争行为处理。其冲突的解决机制主要包括仲裁机制与诉讼机制。     

Review of random and group-screening designs

Experiments with real systems, but especially with simulated systems, may involve hundreds of factors. However, only a few factors are really important. Detecting these Important factors requires special designs such as random and group-screening de-signs. Random designs are simple, but they yield biased esti-mators. Group-screening is based on aggregation. The assumptions of group-screening are discussed in detail, and seem not very restrictive. References to applications of both design types are given.     

Developing a clinical trial governance framework for pharmaceutical industry-funded clinical trials

ABSTRACT

Rising concerns relating to pharmaceutical sponsor bias in the conduct of clinical trials have compelled the need to develop a clinical trial governance framework. This article describes the development of the Conflict of Interest in Research (COIR), a clinical trial governance framework. The COIR, consisting of three process phases (initiation, concurrent, and ongoing), developed following a needs assessment, using a four-stage methodology, and evaluated against the International Conference on Harmonization--Good Clinical Practice (ICH-GCP) guidelines. The Conflict of Interest Resolution algorithm, the backbone of COIR, enables constant surveillance to detect/resolve conflicts at all stages of the clinical trial life-cycle. COIR promotes interaction between the regulatory system and the sponsors, independent of individuals. COIR enables rapid detection of scientific and financial conflicts, to prevent subject harm and, to assure optimal funds utilization, the latter feature helped to reduce a significant burden for the ethics committee, as it lacks financial expertise. COIR is a semi-automated Oracle system, requires manpower, and is affected by human expertise and subjectivity. Complete automation to overcome this limitation will still need human expertise to scale changing trial regulations. Nevertheless, the COIR has won the distinction of the “most favored site” from pharmaceutical sponsors and is anticipated to be adopted by other clinical trial sites.     

Organizational identity,political contexts,and SMO action: Explaining the tactical choices made by peace organizations in Israel,Northern Ireland,and South Africa

Students of social movements have long been interested in the question of why social movement organizations (SMOs) employ the tactics that they do. This paper explores this question by examining twenty-seven SMOs engaged in peace and conflict resolution in Israel, Northern Ireland, and South Africa. While the investigation reveals that SMOs across the sample employed an eclectic mix of tactics to pursue their goals, both cross-region and within-region variations in SMOs' tactical behavior are identified. The paper argues that cross-region variations in tactical behavior are best explained by the political contexts of each region and demonstrates that SMOs' organizational identities best account for within-region variations. Overall, the analysis supports scholars' claims that organizational identities ultimately drive the goals that SMOs pursue, the mix of tactics they emphasize, the degree to which they change their tactics over time, and, most importantly, the extent to which they are willing to engage in extra-institutional modes of action (protest, civil disobedience, violence).     

Concepts of national identity and the readiness for conflict behaviour

This article examines the process of national identity formation among ethnic minorities in the Crimea – specifically, the moderation effects of concepts of national identity on interrelations between conflict indicators and readiness for conflict or compromise for two ethnic minorities in Crimea. Based on a survey in the Crimea, results show that concepts of national identity moderate the effects of ethnic identity, ethnocentrism and economic deprivation on individual conflict behaviour. Research show that civic concept of national identity significantly reduces readiness for conflict among ethnic minorities. The position of a minority within the nation regulates impact of ethnic and multicultural concepts on readiness to fight with other groups.     

试论公司瑕疵决议制度

公司股东(大)会决议、董事会决议存在各种情形的瑕疵,这种情况在大多数公司的运营中较为普遍。当公司机关在作出决议的内容和程序上有瑕疵时,就有可能侵害到股东或公司的权益。为了维护股东或公司的合法权益,就有必要对相关决议的效力作出法律评价并给予权利主体一定的权利救济。全面阐述公司瑕疵决议的常见类型、救济方式及其对公司内外部的法律影响等问题,对司法实践将有所助益。     

数字乡村治理多主体冲突问题研究

数字乡村治理稳定有效是实现乡村振兴战略的根基,也是国家治理体系与治理能力现代化在基层智慧治理中的体现。随着数字乡村治理趋于复杂化,多主体利益交织,有效缓解主体间冲突问题有助于促进数字乡村高质量发展。根据数字乡村治理多主体冲突关系构建冲突分析图模型,模拟了其内部决策主体的策略选择过程,求解多主体利益冲突均衡解,并进行稳定性分析。为实现冲突均衡、解决数字治理多主体冲突问题,助力乡村振兴战略和国家治理体系与治理能力现代化,建议做到“四个坚持”:坚持政策引领,实现政府善治;坚持以人为本,深化全民参与;坚持政企合作,推动技术赋能;坚持统筹兼顾,构建治理共同体。