新型工业化信息社会对工程师的要求与培养

新型工业化信息社会的发展 ,对各种类型的工程师提出了更高的要求。主要从事高等工程教育的高等工科院校 ,是培养工程师的摇篮。优秀工程师的基础素质培养有赖于工程教育的改革与创新。     

社会科技化和加强社会主义精神文明建设

科技社会化是现代社会发展的必然 ,加强科技文明建设是社会主义精神文明建设的重要内容。本文在分析了社会科技化在社会主义精神文明建设中的重要作用的基础上 ,进而具体探讨了科技文明建设的内涵     

A Unified Approach to the Characterization of Equivalence Classes of DAGs, Chain Graphs with no Flags and Chain Graphs

Abstract.  A Markov property associates a set of conditional independencies to a graph. Two alternative Markov properties are available for chain graphs (CGs), the Lauritzen–Wermuth–Frydenberg (LWF) and the Andersson–Madigan– Perlman (AMP) Markov properties, which are different in general but coincide for the subclass of CGs with no flags . Markov equivalence induces a partition of the class of CGs into equivalence classes and every equivalence class contains a, possibly empty, subclass of CGs with no flags itself containing a, possibly empty, subclass of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). LWF-Markov equivalence classes of CGs can be naturally characterized by means of the so-called largest CGs , whereas a graphical characterization of equivalence classes of DAGs is provided by the essential graphs . In this paper, we show the existence of largest CGs with no flags that provide a natural characterization of equivalence classes of CGs of this kind, with respect to both the LWF- and the AMP-Markov properties. We propose a procedure for the construction of the largest CGs, the largest CGs with no flags and the essential graphs, thereby providing a unified approach to the problem. As by-products we obtain a characterization of graphs that are largest CGs with no flags and an alternative characterization of graphs which are largest CGs. Furthermore, a known characterization of the essential graphs is shown to be a special case of our more general framework. The three graphical characterizations have a common structure: they use two versions of a locally verifiable graphical rule. Moreover, in case of DAGs, an immediate comparison of three characterizing graphs is possible.     

有错检验情况下标准型抽样方案的设计

本文给出了在有错检验情况下标准型抽样方案的设计方法，讨论了误检概率ｐ，ｐ′对抽样方案的影响，并给出抽样方案的实际应用。     

嵌入性与中国社会的伦理场域

中国社会是伦理社会,这是对中国社会性质的一种界定与基本认识。这种认识与界定既是对传统中国的反思,又是对中国现实的把握。现代深深地嵌入在传统之中,中国人直接或间接地受传统伦理的影响和支配。伦理场域是中国人开展社会行动的依托,行动者在伦理场域中占有位置、施展策略、获取资源。因此,伦理场域是理解中国现实国情和中国人行动逻辑的关键。     

African American family life in societal context: Crisis and hope

Since 1965 hundreds of articles and books have been published about African American families. Nevertheless, our understanding of these families continues to be limited. There is a tendency to gloss over important within-group differences; thus, monolithic, stereotypic and inaccurance portrayals of Black family life are common. This paper sets aside debates of Black family pathology or viability, focusing instead on these families' essential character. The paper seeks to understand Black families on their own terms, locating them in relevant social, historical, political and cultural contexts. Key empirical patterns and trends reveal dramatic changes in Black family geographic location, headship, quality of life and socioeconomic status since 1950.A complex picture is revealed. There has been gradual but steady overall improvement alongside persistent, extreme racial disparties and pronounced class disparities among Black families. The proposed Black Family Socio-Ecological Context model specifies and connects institutional, interpersonal, environmental, temporal and cultural facts that shape the essential character of Black family life in such a way as to produce characteristics simultaneously shared and idiosyncratic. The model also provides an organized, systematic accounting of research and public policy issues relevant to the study of African American families.An early version co-authored with Richard A. English was presented during the National Council on Family Relations Meetings in Portland, Oregon, October 1980.     

微观辨证整体化之浅议

对微观辨证整体化研究 ,认为目前一是应该对大量的前期研究工作进行总结 ,对异病同证者及同病异证者的宏观症状进行循证医学研究 ;对异病同证者及同病异证者的微观指标进行循证医学研究 ;最终寻求宏观整体指标与微观整体指标的结合 ,从而使微观辨证升华到微观层次上的整体化水平。二是进行基因组学与中医证候相关性研究 ,寻找与中医证候相关的基因组 ,从而实现中医证候研究的基因水平上的整体化。     

"综合为治"的法律传统与我国古代社会的和谐

“综合为治”的法律传统在我国古代社会的和谐发展中具有重要意义。传统法律中的综合为治包括:人治与法治结合,治官与治民统一,审判与调解并举。其中,人治与法治结合促进了人与自然的和谐,治官与治民统一促进了家庭内部以及官与民的和谐,审判与调解并举促进了人与社会的和谐。     

试论建设节约型社会的重要意义

建设节约型社会,可以使我们正确认识我国现阶段的发展水平,避免盲目的高消费;有利于提高我国的科学技术水平和生产力;有利于进一步加强政治体制改革、反腐防腐;有利于我国社会的可持续发展和建设和谐社会;有利于教育广大人民群众、尤其是年青一代形成良好的社会风气,使我国勤俭节约、艰苦朴素的光荣传统得到发扬光大。     

高校社会捐赠与构建和谐社会

社会利益结构是和谐社会构建的基础,高校社会捐赠属于公益捐赠,是捐赠者的一种经济社会行为。从分析社会利益结构的发展变化出发,运用经济社会学的基本原理,分析认为高校社会捐赠对于构建和谐社会具有重要意义,针对我国高校社会捐赠事业发展的现状,提出了对策和建议。