Anti-development or identity crisis? Misreading civil society in Meghalaya,India

This paper discusses the complex relationship between civil society and development in Asia by examining the role of ethnic identity in anti-development movements. Local and transnational movements by civil society actors against dams, mines, and deforestation have gained increased attention in academia and activist circles in the last decade, often used as evidence in arguments that development as part of neo-liberalism and/or state-led socialism is faltering. Furthermore, tribal, indigenous, and minority communities are often portrayed as having a closer relationship to the environment, which is seen as instrumental in their opposition to development projects. While agreeing with these arguments to some extent, this paper examines the local context of anti-development movements using research from fieldwork in the Indian state of Meghalaya and argues that struggles over development projects are also struggles over ethnic identity. In Meghalaya, civil society actors from the Khasi ethnic group have opposed several large development projects on the +grounds that these projects will attract labourers from Bangladesh and other parts of India, threatening the survival of the Khasi ethnic group. Damage to the environment, livelihoods, and loss of land are rarely a concern. The failure to recognize the influence of ethnic identity politics in critiques of development raises the risk of misreading both the extent of anti-development sentiments in civil society and the potential for development projects to be reframed by proponents into an acceptable ethnic guise. Furthermore, the actors contesting development through identity politics are overwhelmingly from urban areas, leaving rural people with limited access to civil society. This paper attempts to add a critical perspective to current literature on development and civil society using empirical examples from one of the least researched regions in Asia.     

人的现代化与社会的现代化

马克思主义的唯物史观认为,人的各种各样的需求是社会发展的真正动因。人的需求形成人的活动的目的,人为了认识世界和改造世界不断地从事各种实践活动。社会的现代化不论从其活动来说,还是从其渊源来说,都是发端于人,是以人为中心的。人的现代化和社会的现代化是双向互动的过程。由于矛盾关系的复杂性,人的现代化和社会的现代化充满了矛盾和不平衡性。现代化不是最终的目的,发展的目的和现代化的目的是人的全面自由发展。     

The Interdependence of Social Justice and Civil Society

Has civil society declined in the United States in the past 20 years? Multiple indicators suggest evidence for decline. This paper questions Robert Putnam's generational explanation for decline and suggests an alternative explanation, namely the structural economic transformation of the U.S. and how it has been managed. Individuals' perceptions of economic distress have increased since 1972 and are related to changes in indicators of civil society, including associational memberships, trust, anomia, and espoused racial and gay tolerance. Economic distress is also related to political interest and participation. Other consequences of an eroding civil society are discussed, including rising crime and inhibited economic productivity

     

俄罗斯族社区可持续发展研究——以临江村为例

文章从经济体制、经济格局、生产技术与农作物品种、职业分化与经商意识增强等方面论述了临江村俄罗斯族经济变迁的表现，分析典型个案，就临江村经济变迁中出现的问题提出几点可持续发展的建议。     

关于干部教育培训针对性的思考

目前的干部教育培训工作,存在目的、内容、方式方法、管理等针对性不强问题.造成干部教育培训针对性不强的原因既有体制方面的因素,也有操作方面的原因.要增强干部教育培训的针对性,必须加强训前调研,从学员的特点出发,区别对待,分类培训,确定不同的教育培训目的、内容,选择相应的教学方式和方法.     

思想政治教育在和谐社会建设中的作用

在社会主义和谐社会建设的过程中，思想政治教育发挥着多方面的重要作用，主要有导向作用、激励作用、育才作用、协调作用、凝聚作用、整合作用、保障作用和保证作用等。构建社会主义和谐社会要求发挥思想政治教育的作用和优势。     

深化改革开放 必须继续解放思想

经过30年的改革开放，我国取得了持续高速发展的伟大成就，积累了以“十个结合”为核心的宝贵经验，同时也到了必须解决深层次矛盾的改革攻坚阶段。在新的历史起点上，必须以科学发展观为统领，继续推进思想解放，继续推进深层次体制变革，积极建设社会主义民主政治，切实解决制约我国经济社会健康发展的深层次矛盾，继续发展中国特色社会主义事业。     

民族类图书的出版问题及应对策略

改革开放以来,民族图书出版工作出现了良好的发展局面,但也面临着诸多困难和问题。民族专业出版社的发展和民族类图书的出版与当前整个出版业的大系统相比较,仍处于一种相对滞后的状态。如果不加以解决,这种滞后状态还会有越来越加重的趋势。因此,国家和各民族自治地方应制定扶持和加强民族出版工作的相关政策,进一步推动民族出版事业的发展。     

法治的社会生成——论政治国家与市民社会二元结构的法治意涵

法治作为中国发展进程中的政治诉求,其核心是对权力的规范与制约和对权利的尊重与保护,这个核心恰好切中了中国传统的权力本位、权利缺位的硬伤。但要真正建成法治国家,认真探索法治赖以生成的社会基础实属必然,故而近年来从社会结构等对市民社会与法治的关系的讨论渐趋入。拟探讨市民社会的培育与成熟对法治的深层作用,进而对中国走向法治的过程中型构作为法治的深层社会基础的中国市民社会的路径选择作一浅析。     

私密话语向当代中国大众传媒的扩张

私密话语进入作为公共领域的大众传媒与社会变迁密切相关。首先，社会文化语境的转换为私密话语向当代中国大众传媒的扩张提供了精神导引；其次，消费主义思潮的兴起为私密话语向当代中国大众传媒的扩张提供了物质基础；再次，西方精神分析学说、后现代主义、女性主义思潮的涌入为私密话语向当代中国大众传媒的扩张提供了理论支撑。