体育教师在教学评价中的心理状态与调适

采用问卷调查等方法,对山东省部分高校体育教师在教学评价中的心理状态进行研究。结果表明：教师在评价中主要有疑惧、厌烦、紧张、应付、自卫、敏感等心理表现形式;教师的心理表现因职称、学历、年龄等因素的不同其表现程度也不同;通过分析和探讨影响体育教师心理健康的因素,提出了合理调适教师心理状态的途径和方法。     

科举制度对中国传统礼俗的影响及启示

科举制度作为古代一项重要的选官制度,不仅对帝制中国隋唐以后的政治制度、士习民风、文化教育产生了广泛影响,而且还对在人们社会生活中发挥着极其重要功能的社会礼俗产生了深刻影响。其影响体现在：礼俗内容纳入科考范围,使得社会礼俗得到广泛宣传与普及;遵循能力本位,促使礼制下移;造就数目庞大的士绅阶层,担当传统礼俗的实践者与传播者;衍生出了众多富有科举色彩的传统礼俗。     

宋代相权的兴盛

宋初在权力结构的调整中对相权进行了分割,但考察宋代实际的权力运作,宋代的相权自始至终处于兴盛状态,对相权所采取的几项措施都没有对相权产生实质性的削弱作用。导致这一现象的主要原因在于宋代所奉行的基本国策是“以儒治国”,是君主与士大夫“共治天下”。同时,相权兴盛也是巩固政权的政治需要,亦是当时频繁的军事活动所需。     

‘My profession is gone’: how social workers experience de-professionalization in the Netherlands

Recently social work in the Netherlands underwent two major changes. Specialized agencies were replaced by one-stop shops (district teams) and the welfare state was replaced by a ‘participation society’, in which vulnerable groups have to rely on their social network rather than resort to professional care. The first change is termed ‘de-specialization’; the second ‘basic de-professionalization’. The research question in this article is: how do Dutch social workers experience and evaluate these two developments? Qualitative interviews with 29 experienced social workers show that most of them endorse de-specialization, as this type of aid is deemed better for clients with complex problems. Moreover, many social workers like to take on new tasks. Basic de-professionalization is met with more reserve. Social workers observe that many clients do not have a suitable network and need professional help. In addition, they feel that their profession is being degraded as lay people and volunteers take over (part of) their work. However, they feel unable to resist this development, because resistance might get them sacked. Some social workers even enhance basic de-professionalization because of their willingness to continue working as (retired) volunteers. Social workers and theorists need to address and counter the move towards basic de-professionalization.     

The role of the welfare state in supporting economic transitions following family bereavement: Comparing Britain and Israel

Despite its centrality to the experience of death and grief, it is only in recent years that the economic burden following family bereavement has been recognized by social care professionals and scholars. Based on the realization that death and bereavement are grounded in social context, and assuming this economic burden is a multifaceted phenomenon, the present study compares the British and Israeli welfare systems in three policy settings: social security, funeral services, and bereavement leave. The findings suggest that while in both systems bereavement and especially widowhood is considered a deserving category, recent pressures for restructuring the British welfare state have been successful in shifting provision from the state to the market. The findings also show that in both cases, albeit to a lesser extent in Israel, current policy measures are not fully aligned with critical scholarship on bereavement and its financial consequences, nor with socio‐economic and demographic trends. These disparities are addressed using the notion of disenfranchised grief and by emphasizing the pivotal, although often overlooked role of the welfare state in constituting it. Lastly, the differences between the two cases are discussed in terms of the powerful role of Judaism in shaping Israeli policy.     

论外层空间物体的登记国

外层空间物体的登记国是指依《登记公约》进行登记的一个发射国。当存在多个发射国时,应当共同决定登记国。在无法达成一致时,应按照一定的规则确定登记国。如果外层空间物体所有权转移给其他发射国,可以进行变更登记;如果转移给非发射国,则不能由非发射国进行登记,但非发射国可以对外层空间物体行使管辖权或控制权。外层空间物体的登记对登记国具有一定的法律效果。     

江泽民依法治国思想探析

以江泽民同志为核心的第三代领导集体,首次提出了"依法治国,建设社会主义法治国家"的治国方略。准确把握江泽民同志依法治国的科学内涵,德治与法治的相互关联以及建设法治国家的主要途径等法治思想,对于全面建设社会主义小康社会和和谐社会意义深远。     

张载的大心工夫论

在张载哲学中,心具有客观存在与主观活动、体和用这样的心性两重的辨证结构。张载的大心,就是"复其性"、"复其初"的"心"回复为"性"和"气"的方法,此乃一切工夫的核心。在张载看来"民吾同胞,物吾与也"的境界,正是通过大心实现的万物一体的境界。     

中国社会养老的文化分析

本文关注福利文化对社会养老制度和实践的影响,从文化视角审视中国现代社会养老项目的发展,揭示了老年社会福利模式与特定社会政策制定者对社会福利概念的理解和传统福利文化之间的关系。限定主义的价值观和公民权利意识的缺失阻碍着中国老年社会福利模式从剩余性到制度性的转变,抑制了社会福利在缩小老年群体内阶层差异方面的作用,促使了福利资源分配的不公。尽管人口老龄化和福利国家的文化扩散正在促使中国老年社会福利呈多元化发展趋势,多元福利体系的最终建立还有赖于社会公众和政策制定者对个人和国家关系的重新解读。     

文体与国体--日本近代民族国家转型中的文体变革

日本近代的文体变革与民族国家的转型是相辅相成的。从明治维新开始,日本迈向了民族国家的征程。在国家意识的支配下,日本以东京话为标准建立“国语”来统合全体国民。随着民族主义的盛行,日本知识界在书面语系统着意削减汉字、增加假名,建构与“汉文脉”不同的“言文一致体”。通过报纸杂志的传播、学校教育的推广,以及自由民权运动的政治动员和战争报道的大量应用,最终形成了一种与口语密切结合、并适用于所有国民的新型文体。