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21.
中国古代文论是古代思想家、文学家对文学的创作、欣赏、批评的论述,是古代士人精神风貌的反映,也是其文化心态和价值追求的集中体现。中国古代文论内容丰富,密切关注人的伦理道德世界,在文以载道、以理节情和知人论世三个向度上均体现出鲜明的伦理特征,影响和规约着中国当下文论和文学的发展。 相似文献
22.
This paper considers alternative estimators of the intercept parameter of the linear regression model with normal error when
uncertain non-sample prior information about the value of the slope parameter is available. The maximum likelihood, restricted,
preliminary test and shrinkage estimators are considered. Based on their quadratic biases and mean square errors the relative
performances of the estimators are investigated. Both analytical and graphical comparisons are explored. None of the estimators
is found to be uniformly dominating the others. However, if the non-sample prior information regarding the value of the slope
is not too far from its true value, the shrinkage estimator of the intercept parameter dominates the rest of the estimators. 相似文献
23.
ANNA H. PERSSON LENNART BONDESSON NICLAS BÖRLIN 《Scandinavian Journal of Statistics》2006,33(3):541-559
Abstract. In forestry the problem of estimating areas is central. This paper addresses area estimation through fitting of a polygon to observed coordinate data. Coordinates of corners and points along the sides of a simple closed polygon are measured with independent random errors. This paper focuses on procedures to adjust the coordinates for estimation of the polygon and its area. Different new techniques that consider different amounts of prior information are described and compared. The different techniques use restricted least squares, maximum likelihood and the expectation maximization algorithm. In a simulation study it is shown that the root mean square errors of the estimates are decreased when coordinates are adjusted before estimation. Minor further improvement is achieved by using prior information about the order and the distribution of the points along the sides of the polygon. This paper has its origin in forestry but there are also other applications. 相似文献
24.
A general class of multiple logistic regression models is reviewed and an extension is proposed which leads to restricted maximum likelihood estimates of model parameters. Examples of thegeneral model are given, with an emphasis placed on the interpretation of the parameters in each case. 相似文献
25.
In an earlier paper the authors (1997) extended the results of Hayter (1990) to the two parameter exponential probability model. This paper addressee the extention to the scale parameter case under location-scale probability model. Consider k (k≧3) treatments or competing firms such that an observation from with treatment or firm follows a distribution with cumulative distribution function (cdf) Fi(x)=F[(x-μi)/Qi], where F(·) is any absolutely continuous cdf, i=1,…,k. We propose a test to test the null hypothesis H0:θ1=…=θk against the simple ordered alternative H1:θ1≦…≦θk, with at least one strict inequality, using the data Xi,j, i=1,…k; j=1,…,n1. Two methods to compute the critical points of the proposed test have been demonstrated by talking k two parameter exponential distributions. The test procedure also allows us to construct simultaneous one sided confidence intervals (SOCIs) for the ordered pairwise ratios θj/θi, 1≦i<j≦k. Statistical simulation revealed that: 9i) actual sizes of the critical points are almost conservative and (ii) power of the proposed test relative to some existing tests is higher. 相似文献
26.
27.
In this paper, we propose a methodology to analyze longitudinal data through distances between pairs of observations (or individuals) with regard to the explanatory variables used to fit continuous response variables. Restricted maximum-likelihood and generalized least squares are used to estimate the parameters in the model. We applied this new approach to study the effect of gender and exposure on the deviant behavior variable with respect to tolerance for a group of youths studied over a period of 5 years. Were performed simulations where we compared our distance-based method with classic longitudinal analysis with both AR(1) and compound symmetry correlation structures. We compared them under Akaike and Bayesian information criterions, and the relative efficiency of the generalized variance of the errors of each model. We found small gains in the proposed model fit with regard to the classical methodology, particularly in small samples, regardless of variance, correlation, autocorrelation structure and number of time measurements. 相似文献
28.
The main contribution of this article is the verification of weak convergence of a general non-Markov (NM) state transition probability estimator by Titman, which has not yet been done for any other general NM estimator. A similar theorem is shown for the bootstrap, yielding resampling-based inference methods for statistical functionals. Formulas of the involved covariance functions are presented in detail. Particular applications include the conditional expected length of stay in a specific state, given occupation of another state in the past, and the construction of time-simultaneous confidence bands for the transition probabilities. The expected lengths of stay in a two-sample liver cirrhosis dataset are compared and confidence intervals for their difference are constructed. With borderline significance and in comparison to the placebo group, the treatment group has an elevated expected length of stay in the healthy state given an earlier disease state occupation. In contrast, the Aalen-Johansen (AJ) estimator-based confidence interval, which relies on a Markov assumption, leads to a drastically different conclusion. Also, graphical illustrations of confidence bands for the transition probabilities demonstrate the biasedness of the AJ estimator in this data example. The reliability of these results is assessed in a simulation study. 相似文献
29.
李传珂 《广西师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》1999,20(4):31-35
当前我国国有企业兼并受到不少因素的制约, 主要有: 政府在企业兼并中的角色冲突、产权交易市场和中介机构不发达、缺乏有效的长期资金来源、产权关系模糊、法律法规及政策措施不健全、资产评估不规范、地方保护主义严重、企业债务负担沉重、社会保障制度不健全等 相似文献
30.
Russell Davidson Jean‐Yves Duclos 《Econometrica : journal of the Econometric Society》2000,68(6):1435-1464
We derive the asymptotic sampling distribution of various estimators frequently used to order distributions in terms of poverty, welfare, and inequality. This includes estimators of most of the poverty indices currently in use, as well as estimators of the curves used to infer stochastic dominance of any order. These curves can be used to determine whether poverty, inequality, or social welfare is greater in one distribution than in another for general classes of indices and for ranges of possible poverty lines. We also derive the sampling distribution of the maximal poverty lines up to which we may confidently assert that poverty is greater in one distribution than in another. The sampling distribution of convenient dual estimators for the measurement of poverty is also established. The statistical results are established for deterministic or stochastic poverty lines as well as for paired or independent samples of incomes. Our results are briefly illustrated using data for four countries drawn from the Luxembourg Income Study data bases. 相似文献