The Effect of Mixing Events on the Dynamics of pH1N1 Outbreaks at Small Residential Colleges

Abstract

Objective: The authors examine the dynamics and the impact of all-campus events on pH1N1 spread at Bates College in fall 2009, with comparisons to 3 other campuses. Participants: Students (N = 285) presented or called in to the Bates Health Center with symptoms consistent with influenza-like illness. Methods: Health Center staff at Bates collected data on the outbreak; data from other colleges are from Web sites and journal articles. Data were analyzed using a mathematical model for influenza. Results: Bates held 2 vaccine clinics mid-outbreak. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the vaccine clinics may have altered routine student interactions, facilitating transmission of pH1N1 among students who otherwise might not have encountered each other. Conclusion: The vaccine clinics, held when vaccine became available, were too late to halt transmission. The disruptions to campus rhythms due to the vaccine clinics may instead have contributed to pH1N1 spread.     

Evidence-based versus tinkerable knowledge as strategic assets: A new perspective on the interplay between innovation and application

Organization success depends, at least in part, on a firm's ability to wisely manage what it knows in order to capitalize on technical achievements, develop new products and services, realize the benefits of innovation, achieve effective scale economies, and continuously advance and control its operations. This paper departs from familiar approaches to categorizing knowledge resources to distinguish between knowledge resources that are appropriate to replicate ‘as is’ (evidence-based knowledge resources) and those that are best suited to contribute to innovation and creative activity (tinkerable knowledge resources). A set of criteria for classifying different types of knowledge flow mechanisms is also introduced. We propose a framework for determining effective fit between knowledge resources and the mechanisms used to move and apply those resources. We discuss the benefits of achieving fit and the liabilities of misfit and illustrate these ideas with examples drawn from a variety of sources. The paper concludes with a discussion of implications for future research.     

Moderation, contentment, work, and alms—A Buddhist household theory

The paper deals with household theory from the angle of Buddhist thought. We build on the Buddhist terms of tanha versus chanda to express Buddhist preferences and Buddhist household theory in terms of textbook microeconomic terms. We find that preferences of Buddhist (enlightened) people may differ from those of non-Buddhist people in a systematic manner. Among other hypotheses, we deduce that Buddhists work harder than non-Buddhists if we control for meditation time. We argue that any full-grown Buddhist economics (if it is to exist) needs to build on Buddhist preference and household theory, either as presented here or in a different form.     

A note on the mean residual life function of a coherent system with exchangeable or nonidentical components

This article investigates some properties of the mean residual life function of (n−k+1)-out-of-n systems, when the lifetimes of the system components are independent random variables but not necessarily identically distributed and when the joint distribution of the component lifetimes is exchangeable, extending the results of Asadi and Goliforushani (2008) [On the mean residual life function of coherent systems. IEEE Transactions on Reliability 57 (4) 574-580] for the case of independent and identically distributed components. The extension to a coherent system with exchangeable components is also given.     

韦5 断块三角洲前缘储层构型及剩余油分布

高邮凹陷韦5 断块阜一段一砂组三角洲前缘储层剩余油潜力大，但分布规律不明。针对该问题开展了对三角 洲前缘砂体构型特征及其与剩余油分布关系的研究。研究中充分利用岩芯、测井和动态监测等信息，取得如下认识： 在识别出的六级构型界面中，四级界面是层内剩余油分布的主要控制界面；以四级界面为界，识别出8 种成因砂体构 型单元；构型单元内部砂体韵律与构型单元之间的渗流差异控制剩余油分布。研究区内剩余油富集区可划分为边缘 型和孤立型两种，前者主要位于分流河道末梢或边缘、河口坝侧缘，以及与主力构型邻接的天然堤、席状砂和远砂坝； 后者主要位于不与水下分流河道连通的透镜状河口坝、远砂坝等。     

Perturbation analysis for the minimum sum of absolute errors regression

In this paper we study the effect of independent and simultaneous changes in the values of the response variable for all the observations on the minimum sum of absolute errors (or for brevity absolute errors) regression. We develop an algorithm to determine the maximum amount by which the values of the response variable can change without changing the absolute errors regression hyperplane. We illustrate the results with an example.     

Statistical and quality control standards in the U.S

The U.S. standards system is a system of voluntary consensus standards in the private sector. There are more than 750 orgainzations in the U.S. that issue standards. Two very important standards orgainzations are ASTM Committee E-11 on Statistical Methods and ANSI Committee Z-1 on Quality Assurance develop statistical standards, and standards under the jurisdiction of these committees are listed. The most widely-used statistical standards are the standard tables for sampling inspection, which were developed by the U. S. militart, and have been adopted, modifed or revised to appear in various standard systems, both military and civilian, national and international     

Coefficients of determinations for variable selection in the msae regression

Our objective is to modify a robust coefficient of determination for the minimum sum of absolute errors MSAE regression proposed by McKean and Sievers (1987) so that it satisfies all the desirable properties. We also propose an adjusted coefficient of determination that is appropriate for comparing several models with different number of variables. Further, it has the property that if it decreases with the addition of predictor variables to the model, then the contribution of these variables is statistically non-significant. We illustrate the results with an example.     

HIV-1病毒储藏库的研究现状

有效地抗病毒化合物的发现为人类消除HIV-1带来了希望。尽管这些药能够有效减少和控制病毒的复制,但至今还是不能完全清除病毒。经过长时期的HAART治疗,病毒仍持久性存在主要是因为病毒储藏库的存在,携带有转录活性的病毒,并在细胞活化后生产感染性的病毒颗粒。这些潜伏感染细胞是病毒活化的源泉。     

可理解性语言输入构成及其实现

Krashen提出的可理解性语言输入i 1仅仅是指学习者获得的、作为学习对象的语言信息。而这样的语言信息输入之所以能被学习者理解和吸收,是由于各种相关内容作为辅助信息伴随对象语言内容一同被学习者所接受。因此,可以将i 1 X视为广义的可理解性输入。X(称为相关内容)有多种呈现形式,各种形式之间可以和i 1有效结合,构成可理解性输入的整体。要实现输入的可理解性,就必须对i 1的量有正确的认识,增强相关内容输入的多样性和融合性,理解输入与吸收的问题,并促进课堂意义的协商。