Social policy and health: transition countries in a comparative perspective

T. Ferrarini, O. Sjöberg. Social policy and health: transition countries in a comparative perspective Int J Soc Welfare 2010: ??: ??–??© 2010 The Author(s), Journal compilation © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and International Journal of Social Welfare. This article analyses the development and design of unemployment insurance and family policy benefits and their links to health outcomes in Estonia, Poland, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, the Czech Republic and Hungary from the mid‐1990s. Comparing these six transition countries with long‐standing welfare democracies reveals important similarities and differences in policy and health. Unemployment benefit schemes resemble corporatist schemes in important respects, however, with lower coverage and average benefits. Subjective wellbeing is also comparatively low among both employed and unemployed in the transition countries. Several transition countries have mixed family policy strategies that simultaneously support dual‐earner families and traditional gender roles. One clear exception is Slovenia, which has a highly developed dual‐earner support. Family policy generosity is related to lower rates of poverty, infant mortality and child injuries. The article demonstrates the fruitfulness of institutional analyses of the link between social policy and population health in a broader welfare state context.     

关于完善我省养老保险制度的几点思考

养老保险作为社会保障的重要组成部分,在实施当中政策是否正确、措施是否得当、制度是否完善,不仅对养老保险制度的全面推进产生至关重要的影响,而且也会对经济建设、社会和谐发展带来巨大的作用或反作用。文章在分析我省现行养老保险制度存在的问题基础上,提出了完善这一制度的一些对策。     

影响农户森林保险需求因素的实证分析——基于对浙江省156户农户的调查

森林保险是深化集体林权制度配套改革的重要内容,研究影响农户森林保险的需求因素有助于森林保险的良性发展和政策目标的实现。利用2009年对浙江省农户的调查数据,运用Logistic模型对影响农户森林保险需求的因素进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,农户家庭劳动力人数、年人均收入、是否有未偿还贷款、最严重的一次灾害损失占当年家庭收入的比重、林种以及对森林保险的了解程度等因素对农户森林保险需求有显著影响。     

基于经济机理的公路超限超载运输长效治理机制研究

对公路超限超载运输行为进行了经济机理分析,认为构建超限超载运输长效治理机制,一方面要求政府要有严格的监管机制,通过强制手段约束超限超载行为;另一方面要从价格机制、竞争机制、供求机制三方面构建完善的市场机制,要建立公路货运信息系统以保证产业的网络化运营,以此提高公路货运企业自身的盈利水平.惟此才能实现公路超限超载长效治理的最终目标.     

浅谈责任保险第三人的直接请求权

责任保险在性质上为第三人保险,第三人对被保险人的赔偿请求,是责任保险得以成立和存在的基础。如何加强对责任保险第三人的保护,已成为当今责任保险制度发展的重要课题。在我国的《保险法》中,第三人直接请求权分为强制责任保险中的直接请求权和任意责任保险中的直接请求权两种类型,分别适用不同的法律规定,＂被保险人怠于请求＂这一条件有必要存在。由于法律条文的高度概括性,具体操作性较弱,应针对此种情况提出完善的措施。     

地震保险法律制度基本问题研究

地震危险具有损害的巨大性、发生频率和平均损害额的不可预测性、逆选择发生的可能性三大特点。地震保险在创设当初是不符合保险特征的险种,但随着支付限度额、承保方式的改变等,正在逐步地接近真正的保险。地震保险是以与保险标的物相关的被保险人的所有利益为保险利益的损害保险,以被保险人的积极财产为保险利益,将地震保险的保险利益定义为物利益是妥当的。地震的强制保险化可以提高地震保险的普及率;消除地震保险的地域性及时间上的逆选择;在现有基础上降低地震保险费。关于地震免责条款的效力存在有效说和无效说两种不同的意见,有效说以对受灾的被保险人的救济为目的,而无效说则是拥护损害保险公司的利益。     

影响中国农村劳动力省际迁移动因的实证分析——基于新劳动力迁移理论

利用2005年中国1%人口抽样调查数据中的农村劳动力省际迁移数据,结合新劳动力迁移经济理论,对logit模型进行了扩展,加入了农村信贷市场、农业生产性固定资产、农业受灾比例和老年抚养比,考察它们对省际迁移的影响。结果显示：农村信贷市场越不完善、农业生产性固定资产原值越高、农业受灾比例越大和老年人抚养比越高的地区,农村劳动力外迁的比例也就越大。因此,在中国农村金融和保险市场不完善的前提下,农村劳动力迁移是农民分散农业风险和稳定家庭收入的一种有效方式。     

Trends in long‐term sickness absence in Sweden 1992–2008: the role of economic conditions,legislation, demography,work environment and alcohol consumption

Lidwall U, Marklund S. Trends in long‐term sickness absence in Sweden 1992–2008: the role of economic conditions, legislation, demography, work environment and alcohol consumption Int J Soc Welfare 2011: 20: 167©179 © 2010 The Author(s), International Journal of Social Welfare © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare. In Sweden, absence from work because of illness or injury has fluctuated considerably over time. This study aimed to identify potentially important factors behind variations in long‐term sickness absence. Aggregated data were used to assess factors correlated with the number of ongoing cases of sickness absence lasting more than 59 days. Trends were analysed using statistics from national social insurance records, labour force surveys and other official statistics. Although specific changes in the degree of generosity in the sickness insurance scheme were important in some cases, the results showed no consistent associations for the study period 1992–2008. Men were generally more sensitive to macroeconomic factors than women. Furthermore, compared with earlier findings, workforce composition had less impact on variations in long‐term sickness absence. Notably, public health indicators such as alcohol sales and working conditions were clearly related to long‐term sick leave during the period under investigation.     

补充医疗保险的障碍期权定价方法及其应用

本文将期权理论引入并应用到医疗保险领域,克服传统损失分布法的局限性,为医疗保险精算提供新颖的分析工具和全新的研究视角。运用供给与需求的一般经济均衡分析将期权定价和精算定价统一于医疗保险精算领域,从精算技术与期权定价整合的视角提出医疗保险精算的供需均衡原理,并利用帕累托最优保险定价公式推导出经典Black-Scholes期权定价模型,缓解期权定价模型在医疗保险领域的应用障碍;利用障碍期权定价思想,标准期权定价模型、棘轮期权定价模型的推导思路,设计和构建含有免赔额、赔偿限额和共付比例的补充医疗保险障碍期权定价模型;最后将理论研究成果应用于我国医疗改革和医疗保险实践,测算补充医疗保险纯保费,丰富我国补充医疗保险定价方法的研究。     

新型农村合作医疗立法论纲

新型农村合作医疗是我国政府为农民设计的基本医疗保障制度,其社会保障属性内在地要求通过立法来强制实施。其立法必须解决三个基本问题,即立法依据、部门法归属、立法体例。新型农村合作医疗已经运行了七年,形成了新型的社会医疗保险关系,具有了立法的道义和社会实践依据,应纳入到社会保险立法范畴中去,并形成一个粗细结合、不同效力层次的法律、法规和规章组合的法律体系。