京津冀货运碳排放效率分析--基于超效率SBM模型及ML指数

基于已有的交通碳排放相关研究,使用超效率SBM模型及ML指数动态效率分解对货运碳排放效率进行针对性研究,试图阐明目前京津冀区域的货运碳排放效率现状,并追踪其效率水平差异存在的原因。结果显示:北京、天津货运碳排放效率较高,河北货运碳排放效率较低且与北京、天津差距较大,均呈现下降趋势;北京、天津货运碳排放效率降低主要来自于技术进步指数降低,而河北则受技术效率指数降低的影响较大。因此,京津冀需要不断优化货运结构,推进货运系统低碳技术应用及推动发展多式联运,以实现货运的节能减排目标。     

Testing for Full Insurance Using Exogenous Information

We strongly reject the full-insurance hypothesis, using testing variables that are not decision variables for the households under investigation. We find that households are not insured against changes in the unemployment rate associated with the household head's occupational category. Using this exogenous information, we also investigate the appropriateness of exogeneity assumptions on idiosyncratic variables that have been used as testing variables in the full-insurance literature. It is shown that several exogeneity assumptions made in the existing literature are potentially problematic.     

The state of the German social insurance state: Reform and resilience

At the core of the German system of welfare provision stand social insurance schemes whose central role contributes to Germany being labelled a social insurance state. In recent decades, Germany has been experiencing major social policy reforms that are often evaluated as paradigm changes. These changes have been reflected in analyses that sometimes even questioned common classifications of the German welfare state. The article sheds light on recent developments that have affected the German system of social insurance. It focuses on four aspects of social insurance: benefits, financing, governance, and coverage. Although confirming many earlier analyses of reforms in detail and sharing assessments of changes such as retrenchment and marketization, the article nevertheless stresses that social insurance remains structurally intact and that the work–welfare nexus underlying welfare provision has been reinterpreted but not surrendered.     

民国时期社会保险辨析

民国时期是否建立了社会保险制度,是社会保障学界存在重大分歧的重要问题。本文在提出判断社会保险制度确立与否的标准的基础上,根据民国时期社会保险在立法、行政与实施方面的实践考辨,得出民国时期没有成功建立社会保险制度的结论,进而从宏观环境结构、中观制度复合体和微观行动者等3个层面,对民国时期影响社会保险制度产生的机制进行探究。     

新中国成立 70 年来农村医疗保障制度变迁及其经验启示

新中国成立 70 年来,政府主导建立的农村医疗保障制度在保障农民获得基本医疗卫生服务、缓解“因病致(返)贫”方面发挥了重要作用。 从制度变迁的视角,农村医疗保障制度的变迁过程主要分为萌芽兴盛、衰退解体、恢复重构、新农合试点及城乡居民医疗保险五个阶段。 为实现农村医疗保障制度的持续规范发展,必须在功能定位层面,始终坚持基本医疗服务的公共产品性质,确保农村居民公平享有健康医疗保障的权利;在体系建设层面,构建多元化、多层次农村医疗服务保障体系,减缓城乡居民医疗保险的制度压力;在运行主体层面,将“政府主导、农户主体”作为制度持续发展的基点,强化参保农民利益保障机制建设;在覆盖范围层面,关注以农民工为主体的流动群体的参保补偿方案,考虑建立贫困农民群体的长效参保机制;在发展趋向层面,按照基本医疗服务均等化的目标,逐步建立全民统一的医疗保障制度。     

城镇化进程对不同类型医保参加群体数量的影响

按照当前的城镇化速度,预测2014年左右我国的城镇化率将达到50%。在短时间内,城镇化进程不会对新型农村合作医疗和城镇居民医疗保险的参加人数造成太大影响,而城镇化进程带来就业人数的增加却会导致更多的就业群体被城镇职工医疗保险所覆盖。     

An Integrated Approach for Modeling Sustainability Risks in Freight Transportation Systems

Integrating sustainability into freight transportation systems (FTSs) is a complex and challenging task due to the sheer number of inherent sustainability risks. Sustainability risks disrupt the economic, social and environmental objectives of freight operations and act as impediments in the development of sustainable freight transportation systems. The area of sustainability risk management is still unexplored and immature in the operational research domain. This study addresses these research gaps and contributes in a threefold manner. First, a total of 36 potential sustainability risks related to FTSs are identified and uniquely classified into seven categories using a rigourous approach. Second, the research proposes two prominent perspectives, namely, ontological and epistemological perspectives to understand risks and develops a novel framework for managing sustainability risks in FTSs. Third, a novel approach by integrating fuzzy evidential reasoning algorithm (FERA) with expected utility theory is developed to quantitatively model and profile sustainability risk for different risk preferences, namely, risk-averse, risk-neutral, and risk-taking scenarios. The proposed FERA is a flexible and robust approach, which transforms the experts’ inputs into belief structures and aggregates them using the evidence combination rule proposed in Dempster–Shafer theory to overcome the problem of imprecise results caused by average scoring in existing models. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed model. Unlike conventional perception, our study suggests that most of the high priority sustainability risks are behaviorally and socially induced rather than financially driven. The results provide significant managerial implications including a focus on skills development, and on social and behavioral dimensions while managing risks in FTSs.     

论可保利益与保险利益的关系

可保利益与保险利益是保险经营过程中不容忽视的两个概念,关系到保险合同订立的有效性和保险理赔的可能性.可保利益与保险利益是两个既相互区别又相互联系的概念.     

A Long‐Term Disability Care and Support Scheme for Australia: Opportunities for Disability Sector Reform

Social insurance schemes in Australasia have a long‐standing involvement in leading systemic change as well as funding services for eligible scheme participants. Establishing a long‐term disability care and support scheme for Australia provides opportunities to remove barriers to community access and improve the employment participation of all Australians with a disability, and to increase the use of evidence in policy development and in the delivery of disability supports. Using the examples of successful models in Australia and New Zealand, the authors will propose a model for the development and management of a long‐term disability care and support scheme that enables sector reform in employment participation, barriers to access and participation in all aspects of community life, and funding of disability research to benefit all Australians with a disability.     

贵州开展农村互助合作保险的探析

贵州农村经济落后,自然灾害频发,农民生活困难,抵御灾害损失能力弱,而农村保险由于种种原因,发展受到限制,为了更好地发挥保险在农村的补偿及管理作用,农村互助合作保险模式可以作为突破点,进一步发展贵州农业及农村保险。本文分析了贵州开展农村互助合作保险的必要性和可行性,在借鉴国内外农村互助合作保险试点经验的基础上,提出了贵州开展农村互助合作保险的建议。