美国次贷危机对我国经济的影响和启示

发生在美国次级房贷危机给全球的金融市场带来了剧烈的震荡,目前还难以预测其对世界经济的危害程度。本文深入分析了次贷危机的成因及其对我国宏观经济的影响,并总结从中获得的启示。     

美国次贷危机发展演变及其启示

美国金融机构盲目的放贷行为及金融监管的不作为最终导致了美国次级房贷市场危机的爆发。尽管美国金融当局连续降息及注资,美国次贷危机仍愈演愈烈。中国同样存在这种隐忧,表现在经济增长的通胀压力、证券市场的泡沫及房地产市场的严重过热。因此,加强我国金融机构的监管已刻不容缓!     

A lost family-planning regime in eighteenth-century Ceylon

Based on Dutch colonial registers (thombos), this paper reconstructs fertility for two districts in Ceylon, 1756–68. It overcomes challenges in data quality by establishing the outer bounds of plausible estimates in a series of scenarios. Among these, total fertility rates (TFRs) averaged 5.5 in one district, but only 2.7 in the other. These figures exclude the victims of infanticide, a custom noted in European travelogues between about 1660 and 1820. Sex ratios among children differed depending on the number of older siblings, and overall, 27?per cent of girls are missing in one district and 57?per cent in the other. There was little significant variation either in the TFR or the sex ratio by socio-economic status, suggesting that poverty was not a key factor in motivating infanticides. Instead, we argue that at least parts of Ceylon had a forward-looking culture of family planning in the eighteenth century, which was lost in subsequent decades.     

Vowel harmony redux: Correct sounds,English loan words,and the sociocultural life of a phonological structure in Korean1

This paper examines an ideology of standard pronunciation and spelling of English loan words in South Korea through the lens of Korean vowel harmony. I focus specifically on the alternation between an older Japanese‐style ‘a’[a] and a newer Korean‐style ‘?’[?] for the mapping of mid‐vowels from English to Korean. The opposition between ‘a’ and ‘?’ also figures into the dichotomy of vowel classes between ‘yang’ or ‘light’ vowels and ‘yin’ or ‘dark’ vowels in Korean vowel harmony. This opposition is pervasive in Korean's rich stock of denotationally iconic words (e.g. onomatopoeia), where ablaut between vowel classes produces semantic and pragmatic contrasts. I suggest that this latter structure of phonological opposition has an influence on speakers’ perceptions of vowel difference and associated values in English loan words, despite an overarching ideology of standard pronunciation that is based on assumptions about phonetic fidelity. ? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ? ??? ? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????. ??, ?? ???? ‘?’[a]? ‘?’[?]? ??(mapping)?? ?? ??? ??. ??? ?? ????? ‘?’? ?? ?? ??? ? ?????? ???? ???? ??(正音)?? ?????? ??. ?? ‘?’? ????? ???, ??? ???? ??? ????? ?(音)?? ???? ??. ???, ‘?’/‘?’? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??; ?, ??? ????? ????? ??? ??. ??, ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ? ? ??. ????, ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???. [Korean]     

解决农民贷款难的问题的对策与思考

深化农村金融改革过程中阶段性、结构性矛盾是农民贷款难现象产生的原因之一.农村信用环境和农业生产的风险性问题是产生农民贷款难现象的社会因素.改善农村金融服务,强化农业保险制度,加快和推进农村金融机构及结构的功能定位和调整;发展民间金融机构是解决农民贷款难的主要措施.     

对高校图书馆开架借阅工作的思考

总结高校图书馆开架借阅工作的优缺点，并针对出现的问题进行分析，进而提出一些解决问题的对策。     

德日动产让与担保制度构建比较研究及借鉴

德国日本的让与担保制度都是为了充分发挥物的经济功能,适应经济需要.德国在构建让与担保制度时,既重视物、权利的"经济所有权"的实质,同时毫不忽略"法律所有权"在制度中的权利制衡价值,使让与担保制度在法律的框架下得到合乎法理逻辑的充分调整,发挥了良好的制度价值,实现了法的安定性与合目的性.日本则在让与制度构建中出现了从所有权构成到担保权构成的转变,这一转变也是从唯法律性到唯经济性变化的过程,呈现出极端化的特点,在追求合目的性的过程中违反了法安定性的要求,对习惯法在形成和持续发展的破坏性不容忽视.两国的制度发展为我国的让与担保制度构建提供了良好的借鉴作用.     

投资方案内部收益率的分析

本文严格地证明了投资方案的内部收益率(IRR)与借款利率的关系,全部资金与自有资金的内部收益率的关系,以及不同的借款偿还方式对自有奖金内部收益率的影响。     

影视剧作品形象与现实生活的界限

影视剧作品是在观众的接受中最终完成其创作的。在对作品的接受中,接受者(观众)有时会出现某种错位,或者将创造形象的演员当作形象本身("正串"),或者把形象还原为创造形象的演员("逆串"),两种"串联"都影响了作品的真实性。就作品本身而言,其不符合现实真实性的"穿帮"破坏了作品的真实性与完整性。作品本身既是有界限的,也是自足的,对影视剧作品的接受应当在作品本身的艺术时空内进行。     

Development of a Screening Approach to Interpret Human Biomonitoring Data on Volatile Organic Compounds: Reverse Dosimetry on Biomonitoring Data for Trichloroethylene

A screening approach is developed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to estimate exposures that correspond to levels measured in fluids and/or tissues in human biomonitoring studies. The approach makes use of a generic physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model coupled with exposure pattern characterization, Monte Carlo analysis, and quantitative structure property relationships (QSPRs). QSPRs are used for VOCs with minimal data to develop chemical-specific parameters needed for the PBPK model. The PBPK model is capable of simulating VOC kinetics following multiple routes of exposure, such as oral exposure via water ingestion and inhalation exposure during shower events. Using published human biomonitoring data of trichloroethylene (TCE), the generic model is evaluated to determine how well it estimates TCE concentrations in blood based on the known drinking water concentrations. In addition, Monte Carlo analysis is conducted to characterize the impact of the following factors: (1) uncertainties in the QSPR-estimated chemical-specific parameters; (2) variability in physiological parameters; and (3) variability in exposure patterns. The results indicate that uncertainty in chemical-specific parameters makes only a minor contribution to the overall variability and uncertainty in the predicted TCE concentrations in blood. The model is used in a reverse dosimetry approach to derive estimates of TCE concentrations in drinking water based on given measurements of TCE in blood, for comparison to the U.S. EPA's Maximum Contaminant Level in drinking water. This example demonstrates how a reverse dosimetry approach can be used to facilitate interpretation of human biomonitoring data in a health risk context by deriving external exposures that are consistent with a biomonitoring data set, thereby permitting comparison with health-based exposure guidelines.