浅析商标反向假冒行为的性质及法律规制

商标的反向假冒应涵盖隐性反向假冒行为。商标的反向假冒是侵犯商标专用权的行为,在我国现行法律体系和框架内,应由《商标法》和《反不正当竞争法》共同规制。为适应加入WTO和社会发展需要,对情节严重的商标反向假冒行为应予以犯罪化。在设立反向假冒商标罪之前,可通过司法解释对现行《刑法》第213条进行扩充解释,将商标反向假冒行为纳入刑法规制。     

社会保障制度改革的回顾与前瞻

改革开放30年来，我国在养老保险、医疗保险、失业保险、社会救助、农村社会保障制度等方面进行了深入的探索，初步建立起与市场经济体制相适应的社会保障制度，但我们还必须从社会保障的法制建设、建立多层次的社会保障体系、多渠道筹集社会保障基金、社会保障的监管等方面加以完善。     

辽宁产业结构的逆向演变特征分析

针对辽宁产业结构的特点，从研究产业结构演变的一般规律出发，整理辽宁省三次产业就业结构数据，分析辽宁省三次产业结构的发展变化，主要表现为：三次产业就业结构的逆工业化变动；乡村工业化停滞甚至后退；工业以重工业为主，重加工工业发展迟缓；第三产业发展滞后，内部结构层次低。指出了辽宁产业结构与产业结构演变一般规律相悖的逆工业化演变特征。     

Procurement with Reverse Auction and Flexible Noncompetitive Contracts

This article investigates a hybrid procurement mechanism that combines a reverse auction with flexible noncompetitive contracts. A buyer adopts such mechanism to procure multiple units of a product from a group of potential suppliers. Specifically, the buyer first offers contracts to some suppliers who, if accepting the contract, do not participate in the auction while committing to selling a unit to the buyer at the price of the subsequent auction. For the suppliers rejecting the offers, they can join the subsequent auction with the other suppliers to compete on the remaining units. When the buyer offers only one flexible noncompetitive contract, we find that the selected supplier may accept the offer regardless of whether he knows his exact cost information. Meanwhile, the buyer can benefit from offering such a contract, as opposed to solely conducting a regular reverse auction or offering a noncompetitive contract that does not allow suppliers declining offers to join the subsequent auction. Moreover, we find that the suppliers' information about their own costs has a significant impact on the buyer's decision. When the buyer makes multiple offers, we analyze the resulting game behavior of the selected suppliers and demonstrate that the buyer can benefit more than just offering one such contract. Therefore, the hybrid procurement mechanism can be mutually beneficial for both the buyer and the selected suppliers.     

减排约束下的中国石油需求预测

针对中国2015年和2020年CO2排放强度减排目标,建立了以CO2强度减排为主要约束,综合考虑经济增长、能源结构以及产业结构等约束的石油需求优化预测模型.预测结果显示:2015年和2020年中国石油需求量分别为5.28亿吨、6.04亿吨,该结果意味着,未来我国石油需求总量仍将有较大幅度的增加,但占一次能源比重有所下降;与其他研究结果比较发现,减排约束对石油需求的增长起到一定的抑制作用;未来中国的石油对外依存度仍将处于较高水平.     

Penalized contrast estimation in functional linear models with circular data

Our aim is to estimate the unknown slope function in the functional linear model when the response Y is real and the random function X is a second-order stationary and periodic process. We obtain our estimator by minimizing a standard (and very simple) mean-square contrast on linear finite dimensional spaces spanned by trigonometric bases. Our approach provides a penalization procedure which allows to automatically select the adequate dimension, in a non-asymptotic point of view. In fact, we can show that our penalized estimator reaches the optimal (minimax) rate of convergence in the sense of the prediction error. We complete the theoretical results by a simulation study and a real example that illustrates how the procedure works in practice.     

一致性分数阶优化灰色模型及其应用

传统的分数阶灰色预测模型在时间序列预测中具有较好的适应性和预测的有效性,但其累加和差分计算式比较复杂。一致性分数阶累加相对于一般的分数阶累加,形式更简单,更便于计算和理论推导。为了提高模型的适应性和预测能力,文章在CFGM(1,1)白化方程中引入一个新的可变系数,扩大了原有白化方程的适用范围,并在此基础上构建了一致性分数阶优化灰色模型,即CFOGM(1,1)模型。最优一致性分数阶阶数和可变系数通过PSO算法最小化平均相对误差获得。将构建的模型运用到两个实例中并与其他经典的灰色预测模型进行对比,结果表明所提出的模型具有较高的拟合和预测精度。     

逆向避税透析

逆向避税是外商利用在合资企业中的优势地位,税法上的漏洞,通过转让定价等手段把利润从低税负区转移到高税负区,以实现全球范围内利润最大化目标的一种避税方式。其主要原因是外商掌握了企业的决策权,税务部门监管不力,以及地方政府片面追求引资数量,忽视质量。由于逆向避税造成了国家税收流失、削弱税收对经济的稳定器功能、造成境内外资企业之间不公平竞争等,必须建立对外商的约束机制,制订切实可行的反逆向避税法规,并对逆向避税采取严厉的措施。     

图式理论与大学英语听力

图式理论是认知心理学家用以解释理解心理过程的理论,听力理解是语言理解的最普遍形式,图式在听力理解的预测、推理过程中起着重要的作用。在大学英语听力教学中,培养学生的图式意识和图式策略是提高听力理解水平的有效途径。     

多属性逆向拍卖中信息披露负效应的成因与应对策略

信息披露正在被越来越多地应用于拍卖过程,主要起调节报价的作用。然而,信息披露在多属性逆向拍卖中潜在的负效应也逐渐展露,主要表现为供应商利润下降、拍卖无效、商业机密泄露等。究其成因,主要有信息的敏感性、披露的复杂性和供应商感知的差异性。因此,针对以上现象及其成因采用供应商合谋、逆向选择、提高竞争力等应对策略,将有助于完善逆向拍卖机制。