Theory & Methods: Krige,Smooth, Both or Neither?

Both kriging and non-parametric regression smoothing can model a non-stationary regression function with spatially correlated errors. However comparisons have mainly been based on ordinary kriging and smoothing with uncorrelated errors. Ordinary kriging attributes smoothness of the response to spatial autocorrelation whereas non-parametric regression attributes trends to a smooth regression function. For spatial processes it is reasonable to suppose that the response is due to both trend and autocorrelation. This paper reviews methodology for non-parametric regression with autocorrelated errors which is a natural compromise between the two methods. Re-analysis of the one-dimensional stationary spatial data of Laslett (1994) and a clearly non-stationary time series demonstrates the rather surprising result that for these data, ordinary kriging outperforms more computationally intensive models including both universal kriging and correlated splines for spatial prediction. For estimating the regression function, non-parametric regression provides adaptive estimation, but the autocorrelation must be accounted for in selecting the smoothing parameter.     

逆向工程特征参数提取技术研究

逆向工程是从已有实物的测量数据点中提取其特征参数进行模型重建的过程,特征参数的提取是逆向工程的关键技术之一。该文提出了一种新的回转面特征参数提取算法,将蚁群算法应用在逆向工程的特征参数优化过程中,首先建立回转面特征参数提取数学模型,然后运用蚁群算法实现过程优化,从而提取出特征参数,实现回转面图形重建,最后通过实例验证了该算法的有效性,该算法提高了特征参数提取精度和效率,适用于空间任意位置回转面的特征参数提取。     

西安市入境旅游市场特征及趋势预测研究

以西安市为例，运用定量分析方法，从总体特征、时间结构、空间结构、消费结构等方面对2001-2006年入境旅游市场进行分析，得出西安市入境旅游人数和旅游外汇收入在绝对值上保持较快增长，但是和全国总量以及其他旅游城市相比，市场优势地位并不明显，产业地位逐渐下降等结论。根据西安市1978-2006年的入境游客人数和旅游外汇收入数据做回归拟和，预测未来5年，西安市入境游客人数和旅游外汇收入将保持稳定增长，并提出拓展入境旅游市场的相关对策。     

浅析商标反向假冒行为的性质及法律规制

商标的反向假冒应涵盖隐性反向假冒行为。商标的反向假冒是侵犯商标专用权的行为,在我国现行法律体系和框架内,应由《商标法》和《反不正当竞争法》共同规制。为适应加入WTO和社会发展需要,对情节严重的商标反向假冒行为应予以犯罪化。在设立反向假冒商标罪之前,可通过司法解释对现行《刑法》第213条进行扩充解释,将商标反向假冒行为纳入刑法规制。     

社会保障制度改革的回顾与前瞻

改革开放30年来，我国在养老保险、医疗保险、失业保险、社会救助、农村社会保障制度等方面进行了深入的探索，初步建立起与市场经济体制相适应的社会保障制度，但我们还必须从社会保障的法制建设、建立多层次的社会保障体系、多渠道筹集社会保障基金、社会保障的监管等方面加以完善。     

辽宁产业结构的逆向演变特征分析

针对辽宁产业结构的特点，从研究产业结构演变的一般规律出发，整理辽宁省三次产业就业结构数据，分析辽宁省三次产业结构的发展变化，主要表现为：三次产业就业结构的逆工业化变动；乡村工业化停滞甚至后退；工业以重工业为主，重加工工业发展迟缓；第三产业发展滞后，内部结构层次低。指出了辽宁产业结构与产业结构演变一般规律相悖的逆工业化演变特征。     

Procurement with Reverse Auction and Flexible Noncompetitive Contracts

This article investigates a hybrid procurement mechanism that combines a reverse auction with flexible noncompetitive contracts. A buyer adopts such mechanism to procure multiple units of a product from a group of potential suppliers. Specifically, the buyer first offers contracts to some suppliers who, if accepting the contract, do not participate in the auction while committing to selling a unit to the buyer at the price of the subsequent auction. For the suppliers rejecting the offers, they can join the subsequent auction with the other suppliers to compete on the remaining units. When the buyer offers only one flexible noncompetitive contract, we find that the selected supplier may accept the offer regardless of whether he knows his exact cost information. Meanwhile, the buyer can benefit from offering such a contract, as opposed to solely conducting a regular reverse auction or offering a noncompetitive contract that does not allow suppliers declining offers to join the subsequent auction. Moreover, we find that the suppliers' information about their own costs has a significant impact on the buyer's decision. When the buyer makes multiple offers, we analyze the resulting game behavior of the selected suppliers and demonstrate that the buyer can benefit more than just offering one such contract. Therefore, the hybrid procurement mechanism can be mutually beneficial for both the buyer and the selected suppliers.     

减排约束下的中国石油需求预测

针对中国2015年和2020年CO2排放强度减排目标,建立了以CO2强度减排为主要约束,综合考虑经济增长、能源结构以及产业结构等约束的石油需求优化预测模型.预测结果显示:2015年和2020年中国石油需求量分别为5.28亿吨、6.04亿吨,该结果意味着,未来我国石油需求总量仍将有较大幅度的增加,但占一次能源比重有所下降;与其他研究结果比较发现,减排约束对石油需求的增长起到一定的抑制作用;未来中国的石油对外依存度仍将处于较高水平.     

Penalized contrast estimation in functional linear models with circular data

Our aim is to estimate the unknown slope function in the functional linear model when the response Y is real and the random function X is a second-order stationary and periodic process. We obtain our estimator by minimizing a standard (and very simple) mean-square contrast on linear finite dimensional spaces spanned by trigonometric bases. Our approach provides a penalization procedure which allows to automatically select the adequate dimension, in a non-asymptotic point of view. In fact, we can show that our penalized estimator reaches the optimal (minimax) rate of convergence in the sense of the prediction error. We complete the theoretical results by a simulation study and a real example that illustrates how the procedure works in practice.     

一致性分数阶优化灰色模型及其应用

传统的分数阶灰色预测模型在时间序列预测中具有较好的适应性和预测的有效性,但其累加和差分计算式比较复杂。一致性分数阶累加相对于一般的分数阶累加,形式更简单,更便于计算和理论推导。为了提高模型的适应性和预测能力,文章在CFGM(1,1)白化方程中引入一个新的可变系数,扩大了原有白化方程的适用范围,并在此基础上构建了一致性分数阶优化灰色模型,即CFOGM(1,1)模型。最优一致性分数阶阶数和可变系数通过PSO算法最小化平均相对误差获得。将构建的模型运用到两个实例中并与其他经典的灰色预测模型进行对比,结果表明所提出的模型具有较高的拟合和预测精度。