The 2022 Greek pension reform: The rebirth of carve-out privatization in Eastern Europe

After a decade of unprecedented austerity, Greece abruptly changed the course of pension consolidation in 2022 and implemented the controversial carve-out pension funding approach, whereby a portion of existing pay-as-you-go (PAYG) contributions are diverted to fund individual pension savings, thus undermining the financing of existing PAYG pensions. Although inspired by the World Bank’s 1994 pension privatization blueprint, the Greek 2022 reform features a major policy shift by entrusting the management of individual pension savings to a dedicated government body, ostensibly to try to remedy inherent market failures in private pension provision. Like earlier reforms in Eastern Europe, the multi-decade transition costs of carve-out funding have been vastly underestimated in Greece, which will give rise to fiscal distress in the coming years when annual transition costs become sizeable and favourable international financing terms start to change. Unless firm political commitment is established to implement the measures necessary to finance the transition costs, Greece may have to resort to reform reversals similar to those already implemented across Eastern Europe.     

原型范畴理论对一词多义现象的解释

本文通过对一词多义现象产生的原因和机制的分析,利用原型范畴理论的观点对一词多义现象的存在进行了解释,认为一个词的多个义项是从原型义项演变而来的,并且表现出不同程度的家族相似性,同时又表现出不同程度的原型义项身份。随着词义范畴的扩展,其边缘变得越来越模糊,并且出现与其他词义范畴的交叉。     

童谣再现社会生活作用浅探

童谣是一定时代、一定社会生活的产物。作为一种文学形式,它在再现社会生活方面起着巨大的作用,应当重视童谣,努力去挖掘、收集、整理、创作优秀童谣,为儿童的健康成长提供更多更好的载体。     

从认知角度分析汉英“圆”/round的隐喻意义差异性

根据认知语言学理论,人们的心智具有体验性,思维具有隐喻性和想象性。人类概念系统是隐喻的,理解和真理是相对于人们的文化概念系统,意义来源于物质和文化环境中的身体和社会经验。语言学理论是通过对大量语料定性和定量的分析来支撑其论点,蕴含民族文化特征的大量汉英＂圆＂/round的隐喻句子是论证认知语言学理论的很好论据,对其差异性分析又能清晰地展现民族思维特征。     

无线传感器网络路由协议分类研究

简要地介绍了无线传感器网络不同于传统网络的特点,将现有传感器网络路由协议分为平面路由协议和分层聚类协议两类,并对其中典型的路由协议进行了分析。最后结合该领域当前研究现状,指出了路由协议未来的研究重点。     

Cosmopolitanism and integrationism: is British multiculturalism a ‘Zombie category’?

The alleged death of British multiculturalism has been celebrated in some quarters and regretted in others. Invoking Ulrich Beck’s discussion of zombie categories, we argue that while the appeal of ‘multiculturalism’ as a term has clearly declined, the category in Britain that it refers to encompasses not a single charter, but a series of political settlements and public policies that remain in place even though they have been joined (and frequently challenged) by others. Distinguishing between the term and the category is a valuable means of assessing the persistence of multiculturalism as a mode of integration in Britain.     

唐五代浙江诗文异调相押考辨

唐五代浙江诗文,存在不少异调相押的现象,上去相押与浊上变去尤为明显。通过静态描写与历史考察,梳理材料,深入分析,结合唐五代以后吴地的声调演变,探寻其语音发展规律。     

殖民地时期及建国初期美国人对中国的认识

殖民地时期及建国初期,美国人中国观形成的基础是传入美国的中国商品和来自欧洲的关于中国的文字叙述。前者将一个想象中的精致、优美、光亮的中国形象直观地呈现于美国人面前,成为美国人了解中国的重要媒介之一。后者则使美国启蒙学者承袭了欧洲思想巨擘们的中国观,从观念和理论上为美国人提供了一个古老、文明、智慧、富庶的中国形象。早期美国人在继承欧洲人所塑造的乌托邦式的中国形象的同时,也曾利用这一形象构筑美国精神,建设自己的新家园。     

思想政治教育言语行为评价的范畴与策略探析

言语行为评价对思想政治教育绩效的提升起着很重要的作用。此评价从本质上讲是激发人们对言语行为进行价值判断与价值选择、事实判断与事实选择的过程。评价范畴主要涉及四个方面：言语内容、表达方式,政策原则性、伦理性等。而随堂听教、督导联动、学生评议、语用检讨、效果考察等则作为评价的实施策略。     

政策工具分类理论的述评与建构

因政策工具本身所具有的复杂性,国内外研究者们围绕其中之政策工具该如何分类这一命题提出了丰富的工具分类理论,在对国外政策工具的分类理论进行评述的基础上,尝试建构政策工具的分类,为政策工具理论的研究提供一个基本的理论支持。