An International Comparative Study on Women's Pension Rights and Their Economic Risks

This article examined the theoretical meanings of pension rights and analyzed their effects on women's economic risks in developed countries. First, based on the status of a citizen, worker, parent, and spouse, this study investigated how pension benefits are guaranteed as a citizen regardless of work history, the degree to which women's disadvantageous situations in the labor market and unpaid work are compensated by public pension as workers and parents, and how marital status is treated in the different pension systems. Second, analysis of the effect of pension rights showed that individual rights is a significant factor to prevent economic risks of elderly women. Derived rights did not seem to secure the economic welfare of elderly women, at least in a comparative context. This finding suggested that developing individual rights, rather than derived rights, is the way to guarantee long‐term elderly women's economic welfare.     

Sociology and the European Court of Human Rights

This article offers a sociological analysis of the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). Adopting a sociological jurisprudence approach, the article aims to demonstrate the unique and valuable contribution that sociology can make to understanding key aspects of international human rights law. Whilst the article seeks to develop an agenda for critical sociological research on human rights law, it also aims to persuade those charged with the supervision of human rights of the value of sociological analysis. To achieve this, the article focuses on three separate but inter‐related aspects of ECtHR jurisprudence: first, it considers the ECtHR's approach to consensus in its adjudication of human rights complaints; second, it examines the social control implications of the ECtHR's decisions and judgments; and third, it assesses how conceptualizations of social identity are often foundational to the ECtHR's reasoning.     

Impact of Gender Binarism on Hijras’ Life Course and Their Access to Fundamental Human Rights in Pakistan

This study adds to the growing body of knowledge on gender nonconformity aspects of heteronormativity by examining its impact on the life course of hijras and their access to fundamental human rights in Pakistan. Drawing on 50 semistructured interviews conducted in two sites, the findings suggest that the participants’ lived experiences associated with gender nonconformity significantly influenced the direction of their life course and their ability to have access to human rights. These experiences spanned from childhood to elderhood across a wide range of settings, such as family, school, guru dera (residence headed by a hijra guru), workplace, and interactions with authorities. The participants’ human rights were not recognized, resulting in abuse, social stigma, discrimination against them, and their exclusion from mainstream society. Finally, implications are drawn for public policy and future research on third gender concerns in Pakistan and elsewhere.     

对延安整风运动历史经验的借鉴与反思——基于宪法学的分析

延安整风运动的宪政内涵、制约权力和保障权利思想,对于密切党群关系和建立新政权发挥了重要的作用,同时运动中存在的程序上和制度层面的缺憾也对后世有消极影响。当今中国特色社会主义宪政建设要吸取延安整风运动的经验教训,既要依靠法律和制度,加强对国家机关的制约和监督;同时创造条件,依法保障公民的批评权。     

山西煤矿兼并重组后构建和谐矿地关系长效机制研究

煤矿兼并重组是利益格局的调整。但山西煤矿兼并重组后，能不能处理好煤矿企业与当地政府及农村农民的利益关系，关系到兼并重组的成败和矿地关系的和谐稳定。政府能否发挥引导和扶持作用，煤矿企业能否在自身发展和承担当地社会责任方面发挥主导作用，矿区农村能否全力支持企业发展，是构建长效和谐矿地关系体制的关键。     

消费文化转型的激励机制与“两型社会”的构建

消费文化具有引导、凝聚和激励的社会效应,实现消费文化由传统向现代的转型,对于"资源节约型、环境友好型"社会的构建有着不可或缺的作用.因此,有必要在明确"两型社会"消费文化转型取向的基础上,探求消费文化转型的激励机制,以期对推动"两型社会"的构建进程有所裨益.     

营业转让问题探讨

为了对我国营业转让的实践和立法有所帮助,文章运用比较分析的方法,对营业概念、营业转让的界定、营业转让中职工权益的保护以及营业转让平台的完善等问题进行了探讨.研究表明,由于我国法律未对营业转让进行明确规定,以致营业转让活动中存在着许多不规范、不合法的因素,阻碍了营业转让的顺利实现.指出我国立法机关应该借鉴国外法律,尽快制定全面、明确的营业转让制度,来规范、引导日益频繁的营业转让活动.     

转型中国的政法救济机制

新中国形成了政法治理的传统。在社会转型时期,政法模式下的救济机制发挥着重要的作用。在理想化的权利救济机制尚不健全之时,政法救济机制有效弥补了权利救济的漏洞,并且是一个可供依赖的过渡路径。政法救济机制的功能主要体现在以下方面:政治权威为公力救济提供权力支撑、政法治理矫正程序主义的救济弊端、政法综治优化救济机制结构。随着我国法治建设的推进,对它的改造和完善是一项必不可少的任务。应当提高信访、泛行政调解、首长公开电话等一些行之有效的救济方式的制度化水平;同时从转变执法方式和坚守程序正义底线两个方面强化政法治理的权利伦理品位。     

Trading numbers vs. rights? Accounting for liberal and restrictive dynamics in the evolution of asylum and refugee policies

ABSTRACT

The recent evolution of asylum and refugee policies in developed countries has been characterised by two apparently contradictory dynamics. Efforts to limit the number of asylum applicants have coincided with the strengthening of rights for asylum seekers and refugees inside existing protection systems. The ‘numbers vs. rights’ model seeks to explain such counter-veiling trends as a trade-off, as the result of attempts to manage costs within given budget constraints. The model suggests that high numbers of migrants will tend to go hand in hand with attempts to restrict their rights, while low numbers will typically be associated with more rights. This paper provides a critical analysis of the model when applied to asylum and refugee policies and examines its explanatory purchase through the analysis of longitudinal data on visa and asylum statistics. We argue that while the model provides an interesting framework through which to analyse executive decisions in this field, it underestimates the opportunities and constraints provided by the institutional context in which policy choices are made. We argue that ‘over-time’ variation in the influence of non-majoritarian institutions (in Europe, increasingly those operating at the EU level) provide a more compelling account of the dynamics of asylum and refugee policies over time than the political economy predictions of a ‘number vs. rights’ trade-off.     

论民族权利与宪政建设

本文阐述了民族权利与宪政建设的关系 ,分析了我国民族自治地方民族权利发展方面的新特点和新问题。作者认为 ,为了进一步保障和发展民族权利 ,必须加强民族自治地方的宪政建设 ,处理好民族自治权与民族其他权利的关系 ,处理好经济建设与宪政建设的关系 ,处理好秩序稳定与自由权利发展的关系 ,处理好基本权利制度与具体法律保障制度的关系 ,加快民族权利法治化建设的步伐。