企业基本问题的法学与经济学分析

我国法学界对企业的定义和分类大多仍停留在新古典经济学的“黑箱”阶段,现代经济学关于企业的契约性理论为认识企业的概念和基本分类提供了新的视角。企业是生产要素所有者通过契约组成的提供产品或劳务、具有民事主体资格的社会组织,企业可以分为物质资本企业、人力合作企业和介于两者之间的企业,它们各有存在的合理性,也存在矛盾和弊端。     

试析技术异化的劳动异化根源

探讨现代技术异化的根源,不能只从技术层面去寻找.技术是人类生存实践的产物,技术形态和应用后果都是社会建构的,技术异化的根源也在于社会应用技术的主导模式.通过对劳动异化和技术异化的分析,认为技术异化是以资本主义生产方式和机器技术的大规模应用为前提的,根本的原因则是资本主义生产方式占据主导地位的情况下劳动异化了.因而,技术作为资本增值的内在手段,与劳动和自然对立,技术异化是劳动异化的必然表现.马克思的劳动异化思想,对我们深入理解技术异化的根源及其后果,具有极其重要的指导意义.     

Loss functions for estimation of extrema with an application to disease mapping

It is often of interest to find the maximum or near maxima among a set of vector‐valued parameters in a statistical model; in the case of disease mapping, for example, these correspond to relative‐risk “hotspots” where public‐health intervention may be needed. The general problem is one of estimating nonlinear functions of the ensemble of relative risks, but biased estimates result if posterior means are simply substituted into these nonlinear functions. The authors obtain better estimates of extrema from a new, weighted ranks squared error loss function. The derivation of these Bayes estimators assumes a hidden‐Markov random‐field model for relative risks, and their behaviour is illustrated with real and simulated data.     

资本市场与我国农业产业重组

现代化农业的重要标志之一是利用资本市场的程度高。由于多种原因 ,我国农业资本市场发育程度低 ,制约着农业产业重组和传统农业的改造。从资本市场与农业发展的内在关系出发 ,对现阶段农业利用资本市场的基本途径进行探讨 :农业经营观念的创新、农村产权交易市场的建立、土地流转机制的形成和投资中介组织的发展是加快农业利用资本市场 ,实现我国农业结构重组的主要条件。     

《 转运汉巧遇洞庭红》的商业解读

凌濛初<转运汉巧遇洞庭红>通过对金老汉藏财失财和文若虚随人出海,两次巧遇发财机会陡然暴富故事的描写,反映了明代中叶以后商业发展的具体场景,反映了关于相互需求的贸易原理和资本增殖的思想.通过文若虚形象的塑造,反映了作者经商和为人相统一的思想.从故事可知,明中叶后商业发展已经有了一定的规模和规范,但也还有一些不利于商业贸易更大发展的因素,如储运和金融手段的滞后等.     

技术与社会网络资本——关于中国农村妇女社会网络资本的研究视角

对中国农村妇女社会网络资本的研究不能仅限于社会关系范围,做些理论的论证或定性的结论,而是要针对她们的社会网络资本现状,以技术为切入点,分析农村妇女所拥有的技术资本的多少从而评判其社会网络资本的优劣,这样才能使研究走向深入。     

THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF BROADBAND HOUSEHOLD INTERNET ACCESS

Broadband changes everything. Or so we are told. But does it? There is only one way to find out - follow people who move from narrowband to broadband internet access and see what changes. This paper reports exactly this kind of analysis using data from a two wave European panel study (e-Living) and the lagged endogenous regression approach to see if switching to broadband increases the time spent online, the use of online communication services, the breadth of internet activities and the amount of online spend, and whether it decreases the time spent watching TV and the level of social leisure activities. The results suggest, in the main, that switching to broadband made little difference for this group of early broadband adopters who were already heavy internet users. There was no evidence of an online spend or social leisure substitution effect although there was evidence of a reduction in time spent watching television, and an increase in email in use, time spent online and breadth of internet use. In all cases however it was the previous levels of behaviour that were the most significant and switching to broadband was, in general, one of the least strong effects.     

论要素资本理论中的技术、信息和知识

随着知识经济、信息经济时代的到来和现代技术的迅猛发展，知识、信息和技术已经成为现代企业必不可少的资源。在财务上，作为生产要素的技术，就是生产过程中的技能、技巧和技艺，以及其术用载体。信息是社会和自然系统的组织有序化与生产过程相关性发生变化及其后果的信号讯息。人们愿意支付一定的成本获取信息，在于信息具有很高的收益性。知识则是经过证实了的真的信念。经济知识的基础范畴是知识产权。财务学上的知识是具有知识产权的知识。新生产要素的竞争是企业竞争力的核心内容。要素资本理论的形成为公司财务理论研究指出了新的方向。     

Modeling External Risks in Project Management

To ascertain the viability of a project, undertake resource allocation, take part in bidding processes, and other related decisions, modern project management requires forecasting techniques for cost, duration, and performance of a project, not only under normal circumstances, but also under external events that might abruptly change the status quo. We provide a Bayesian framework that provides a global forecast of a project's performance. We aim at predicting the probabilities and impacts of a set of potential scenarios caused by combinations of disruptive events, and using this information to deal with project management issues. To introduce the methodology, we focus on a project's cost, but the ideas equally apply to project duration or performance forecasting. We illustrate our approach with an example based on a real case study involving estimation of the uncertainty in project cost while bidding for a contract.     

有机构成调整下劳动就业问题的思考

资本有机构成理论是马克思分析资本积累三大历史趋势的首要内容,深刻认识资本有机构成的内涵,特别是深刻认识有机构成发展趋势的内涵,对于调整社会产业结构、经济结构以及就业结构;对于充分认识经济形势变化形成劳动就业给社会带来的压力,进行事前引导和调整;在理论和实践上都将有着重大影响和深刻的指导意义。