美国实力的现实与局限

尽管美国实力的现实表现得非常明显,而且没有一个可与其实力相媲美的强有力的竞争对手,但如果其采取单边主义行为,它的局限就会表现出来。美国的政治、安全、军事、经济以及媒体等各个方面的实力都是客观存在的。美国所犯的错误可能不会导致世界秩序的崩溃,但极有可能削弱美国的相对实力并且疏远与其它国家的关系,从而弱化美国实力的效能,使美国的单边主义实现自我修正。     

凉山彝族毕摩宗教仪式的教育功能探究：教育人类学的视角*

凉山彝族毕摩宗教仪式除了独特的宗教和文化特性外,还具有其他传统教育类型无可替代的教育内涵和功 能。凉山彝族人正是通过这种集体性的参与,深受演绎场域的熏陶,保存和丰富着村落的集体记忆,增强了社会成员之间的凝 聚力,同时也承继了彝族的传统文化。     

日本的汉语动趋式研究综述

从趋向补语的意义、句法形式、语言对比三个角度对在日本所发表的汉语动趋式的研究成果进行了综述中国学者和日本学者进行汉语研究时都是从语言事实出发,注重形式和意义之间的联系。与中国的研究成果相比,日本的动趋式研究也运用认知及配价理论而且多数注重具体的应用;不同之处是日本学者比较注重个别词的研究,另外以汉日对比为研究角度的成果比较多。     

人类学视野下的仪式分类

作为人类学核心研究内容之一的仪式观念与实践,其分类纷繁多样,神：圣／世俗是仪式分类的基本架构。不过在新近的人类学研究中,仪式的分类突破了传统的二分思维,越来越具有世俗与日常习俗的包容性。本文借助近年来人类学的相关研究,对仪式行为和近似仪式实践作一简略梳理。     

红山文化玉箍形器功能探析--上古巫、史之职的物解

红山文化中出土的玉箍是巫、史等神职人员司职的神器,它的出土对于研究北方远古时期人们的生产生活具有重大意义.玉箍作为祭祀神器是斜口陶器和无底筒形器的综合与升华,它反映了当时人们的精神生活和祭祀观念.巫、史等也借助它来绝地通天并以此来维系氏族或部落内部的稳定与团结.它在文明起源过程中所起的作用值得人们深思.     

Web based resource for Statistical Consultants in the Pharmaceutical Industry

The intention of this article is to highlight sources of web-based reference material and software that will aid consulting statisticians when designing clinical trials. The article includes websites that provide links to explanation of statistical concepts for non-statisticians, regulatory guidelines, and free statistical study design software.     

Theory of mind,gender, gains in friendships versus peer acceptance and anxious solitude from middle childhood through early adolescence

This investigation proposes that theory of mind (ToM) may be related more strongly to change in friendships than peer acceptance in late middle childhood through early adolescence, and examines the relation between ToM and anxious solitude. Fourth grade ToM was tested as a predictor of change in reciprocated friendships, peer acceptance, and anxious solitude from 4th to 7th grade, and, conversely, reciprocated friendships, peer acceptance, and anxious solitude in 3^rd grade were tested as predictors of 4th grade ToM. Gender moderation of these relations was evaluated. Participants were 688 American public-school children (51.5% girls), 193 of whom completed a ToM questionnaire in 4th grade. In 3rd–7th grade children and their peers reported reciprocated friendship, and peers reported peer acceptance and anxious solitude annually. A multi-group (gender split) autoregressive cross-lagged panel analysis modeled relations between ToM and reciprocated friendship, peer acceptance, and anxious solitude over time. Consistent with hypotheses, girls’ more advanced 4th grade ToM predicted incremental gains in their number of friendships two years later, but not their peer acceptance. In contrast, boys’ more advanced 4th grade ToM did not predict change in their number of friendships or peer acceptance over time. Gender differences in the relation between ToM and friendship are discussed in the context of gender-specific peer relations patterns in late middle childhood and early adolescence. Additionally, more advanced 4th grade ToM predicted gains in anxious solitude in middle school for both genders. This somewhat surprising result is discussed in relation to ToM assessment and peer relations in anxious solitary children.     

Blinded sample size recalculation for clinical trials with normal data and baseline adjusted analysis

Baseline adjusted analyses are commonly encountered in practice, and regulatory guidelines endorse this practice. Sample size calculations for this kind of analyses require knowledge of the magnitude of nuisance parameters that are usually not given when the results of clinical trials are reported in the literature. It is therefore quite natural to start with a preliminary calculated sample size based on the sparse information available in the planning phase and to re‐estimate the value of the nuisance parameters (and with it the sample size) when a portion of the planned number of patients have completed the study. We investigate the characteristics of this internal pilot study design when an analysis of covariance with normally distributed outcome and one random covariate is applied. For this purpose we first assess the accuracy of four approximate sample size formulae within the fixed sample size design. Then the performance of the recalculation procedure with respect to its actual Type I error rate and power characteristics is examined. The results of simulation studies show that this approach has favorable properties with respect to the Type I error rate and power. Together with its simplicity, these features should make it attractive for practical application. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

文话:古代文学批评的重要学术资源

文话是中国古代文学批评的重要著作体裁,除具有说部性质、随笔式的狭义“文话”外,还有理论性专著、资料汇编式、选本评点式等不同著作类型。这四种著作类型都在宋代开始集中出现,标志着我国古代文章学的成立,在明清两代更显繁荣。其在文道、文气、文境、文体、文术、品评等方面,均蕴含真知灼见和艺术经验。对其价值的评判,经过对“五四”的反思,当能更趋全面和科学。     

顾炎武《仪礼》学探析

《仪礼》学经历自宋至明的持续低潮之后,在清代进入极盛时期。因受社会政治剧变的刺激,清初学者就以礼经世展开热烈讨论。顾炎武捍卫《仪礼》的经典地位,率先确认了清代礼制建设的纲领;在《仪礼》考释方面归宗郑学,指明了以朴学为主的经学发展方向;在礼学应用方面弘扬朱学,开辟出融会古今的礼制建设通途。顾炎武以富有独创性的礼学思想,成为清代《仪礼》学的主要奠基者。顾炎武的礼学思想与清廷积极、明智的文化选择多有契合之处,其主要思想观点在清代学术史上产生显著影响。