简论三代的史官、学校与历史教育

我国夏商西周三代时期,用文字记载的典册的不断出现,为历史教育提供了可资依据的教材;史官制度的逐步确立,巫史职责的逐渐分野,一方面使我国丰富而连续的历史记载不断出现,另一方面则使历史教育有了比较专职的历史教师;学校教育的产生,则使历史教育成为其中一项重要的内容。而且,"学在官府"、"官师合一"的教育体制,也使史官在学校中传授历史知识、进行历史教育成为一种经常性的活动。     

The state and the development of an information society: Greek policy and experience

The paper looks into the dynamics of information society policy and its implementation in the Greek context. It argues that information society development is a contested process, influenced by pre‐existing state, economy and society relations. Based on this, it looks into the different aspects of the idiosyncratic path which the evolution of the Greek information society has followed, particularly after 2000. Using Bob Jessop's strategic‐relational approach (SRA) to the state as an analytical framework and drawing on a number of in‐depth interviews with relevant political actors, it provides insights into policy implementation by examining: the public management of information technology projects, how such projects were received in bureaucratic structures and practices, as well as the relationship between the state and the information and communication technology (ICT) sector in public procurement processes. The emphasis is on the period 2000–2008, during which a major operational programme on the information society in Greece was put into effect. The paper also touches upon the post‐2008 experience, suggesting that information society developments might include dynamics operating independently and even in contradiction to the state agenda.     

A social welfare perspective of market‐oriented social enterprises

The article analyses market‐oriented social enterprises from a social welfare perspective, within the context of the innate conflict between business and welfare orientations. After defining the concept of market‐oriented social enterprises and presenting some successful examples on such entities that employ different marginalised populations, particularly people with disabilities, the article asks three interrelated questions: (i) What policy environment is needed to encourage the development of social enterprises? (ii) Given the innate tension between the social and economic objectives in social enterprises, what structural principles are needed to enable them to meet those dual objectives? Lastly, (iii) What intervention modalities are best suited to help individual participants in those frameworks? Answers to these questions are discussed within conceptual frameworks from the worlds of welfare and business that jointly provide a base for a social welfare rationale for market‐oriented social enterprises.     

Linguistic instrumentalism and national language policy in Mainland China’s state print media coverage of the Protecting Cantonese Movement

This article examines the Chinese government’s use of the print media to justify the national language policy and address individuals’ concerns about the vitality of regional varieties of the Chinese language (i.e., Cantonese) in its coverage of the Protecting Cantonese Movement (July 2010) in Guangzhou. The analysis revealed that the Chinese government adopted a relatively reconciliatory response to the Movement, which apparently contested the relevant language policy. However, the media texts maintained the national policy of promoting Putonghua as inviolable, whereas they assigned Cantonese the role of the carrier of cultural tradition and stressed that the rise or fall of particular regional language depended on regional socioeconomic developments. Such media discussions showed that the state carefully managed relevant discussions about the vitality of regional Chinese varieties within the discursive space defined by legalistic, cultural, and socioeconomic development discourses. These discursive boundaries reflect the dominance of linguistic instrumentalism in the Chinese government’s language policymaking.     

Designing a multiple state repetitive group sampling plan based on the coefficient of variation

A multiple state repetitive group sampling (MSRGS) plan is developed on the basis of the coefficient of variation (CV) of the quality characteristic which follows a normal distribution with unknown mean and variance. The optimal plan parameters of the proposed plan are solved by a nonlinear optimization model, which satisfies the given producer's risk and consumer's risk at the same time and minimizes the average sample number required for inspection. The advantages of the proposed MSRGS plan over the existing sampling plans are discussed. Finally an example is given to illustrate the proposed plan.     

Testing monotonic equilibrium residual entropy of N-State Random Evolution

In this study, we propose an information measure of uncertainty associated with the random equilibrium residual lifetime of a system driven by N-State Random Evolution. A U-statistic test driven by a moment inequality is proposed for testing the hypothesis that the uncertainty of equilibrium remaining life of a system remains unchanged (when system is in the steady state) against the alternative situation when system’s equilibrium residual life has increasing uncertainty over time (i.e., the life distribution has Increasing Equilibrium Residual Entropy property). Some numerical results such as tabulated critical values and empirical power of the proposed test statistic are presented as well.     

Governance and Economic Transformation in Taiwan: The Role of Politics

This article analyses the strengths and weaknesses of the developmental‐state approach as compared with a broader and more flexible developmental‐governance approach – in relation to economic transformation in a single case country, Taiwan. It argues that both approaches have strong and weak points, and comes down in favour of the view that it is only through a ‘thick’ study of political forces, processes and circumstances that the reasoning behind developmental policies and institutions can be understood and the processes of economic transformation explained.     

Disability and employment policy in the Israeli welfare state: between exclusion and inclusion

Based on the social model(s) of disability, this article seeks to analyse the historical development of Israeli employment policy toward disabled people during the first decade and a half of its existence (1948–1965). Findings from primary and secondary sources suggest that throughout this period disabled people, mainly immigrants, found themselves at the lowest echelons of Israeli society and the labour market. Furthermore, the Israeli welfare state offers an interesting case study of the gap between a welfare state’s stated adherence to social justice and the more limited, and even contradictory, outcomes of its policies. Our discussion suggests that a valuable way of reframing our findings can be found in the critique of de-commodification as an inadequate concept and in the use of related concepts such as re-commodification and quasi-commodification.     

“恩格斯的国家祸害论”确实应该重视——回应夏美武等先生

无产阶级政党夺取政权后,为了镇压资本家阶级的反抗和按新的方式组织社会,保留国家机器是必要的。然而,在自我赋予执政权力、自我传宗接代、一党专政的条件下,已经夺得政权的党如果不下力改造这种国家机器,却会成为凌驾于整个社会之上的官僚特权阶级,同无产阶级相异化。在中国大陆现有的条件下,要想除去国家这个祸害的最坏方面,必须推行政治民主化。兑现宪法已有的民主承诺应该是第一步。     

从彰显到消失:集体主义时期的家庭劳动(1949-1966)

集体主义时期,为追求经济超速发展实行高积累低消费"以生产为中心"的发展策略。国家有意识地把性别化分工编织进大生产体制,由妇女无酬承担起绝大部分的再生产职责。国家对于妇女的家内劳动并非完全"看不见",而是努力对家务劳动进行理论化,以确立家务劳动及其承担者在社会主义生产体制中的位置。女工、农妇、职工家属/家属工三个妇女群体与生产的关系决定了国家对于她们家内劳动的不同态度以及她们的政治地位。