农村公共服务供给中的公共性生产逻辑

农村公共服务供给的多主体协同是在共同体框架内进行的,农村公共服务供给共同体形成的关键在于其公共性。结构-文化-行动者的三维分析框架为农村公共服务供给共同体公共性的生产逻辑提供了解释。基于湖南湘西J村人居环境改善的案例研究发现,公权力对私权利的引导、规范纠偏与压制,科层体系下的权力控制以及集体主义优先于个人主义的道德结构是农村公共服务供给共同体公共性生产的压力来源;农村熟人社会对人情关系、公共空间对话和乡村精英的培育为该共同体公共性的生产提供了弹性空间;而个体行动者公共利益优先于个人利益的利益选择、参与型的意义建构和服务型的价值认同则促使其自主生产公共性。     

房地分离：宅基地流转之钥——以宅基地使用权继承之困局为切入点

尽管具有一定保障性,但宅基地制度的首要目标在于经济管理,其表面上强调“户有所居”,实际是“户有定居”。宅基地上使用权所承载的管理性与农民自费建造农房所有权的私权性,存在内在的矛盾,不应适用房地一体规则,因为后者遵循着传统民法应对市场交易的基本逻辑。自然资源部所发布的文件明确了宅基地使用权可以由城镇居民继承,内核乃是基于房地一体,以房屋所有权的可继承带动宅基地使用权的可继承,颇为冒进。宅基地上所有权与房屋使用权应当分离,这将为宅基地的流转与乡村振兴提供新的契机：农房的自由流转加上宅基地使用权的农民保有,将最大限度地在现有阶段实现市场与制度的有机契合;对于取得农房的所有权人,在房地分离之下,可以借助对宅基地使用权的法定租赁来设计合理的权利结构。     

乡村社区营造何以成功?——来自关中袁家村的案例研究

长期以来,国家自上而下的社区规划变迁,为农村社区建设提供了物质基础、组织载体和制度保障,但农民的主体性和社区的自主性依然没有被充分激发起来。文献研究发现,对社区内涵和定位认识的不同理解会产生农村社区建设是基于共同体意识的凝聚、还是国家行政权力向基层社会延伸两种演进脉络。以关中袁家村为例,从为何营造、营造什么、怎样营造三个层面切入,尝试回答以下几个问题:改善民生和提高农民生活质量,“产、文、人、地、景”的乡村社区营造,国家规划变迁和社区自主实践相结合。指出乡村社区营造何以成功的启示是“三位一体”现代社区内涵的正确理解及其功能的准确定位,其引发的本土实践体现了国家主导和社会参与的互构效应。     

行政、资本与乡土社会:农业经营模式的形塑机制——基于宁夏南部地区蔬菜产业发展的思考

通过对宁夏南部地区蔬菜产业中规模化、资本化农业经营模式建立过程的分析,发现行政、资本与乡土社会是形塑农业经营模式的三个基本因素。具体而言,政府投入的资源和开展的基础性工作,体现了行政力量在新型农业经营模式形成过程中所发挥的引导和保障作用。而在农业高度市场化的情况下,新型的规模化、资本化农业经营模式的建立和发展又离不开资本自身的经营管理能力。也就是说,资本必须通过对劳动力的有效管理生产出符合市场要求的农产品,才能确保新型农业经营模式的成功。而新型农业经营模式能否立足,还取决于资本能否处理好自身与乡土社会的关系,因为后者是新型农业经营模式立足的“社会基础”。基于此,可以认为,行政、资本和乡土社会三个因素及其相互间的关系形塑了我国农业的经营模式及未来的发展形态。     

新型村集体经济何以带动乡村共同富裕？——基于ANT视角的分析

促进农村农民的共同富裕是实现全体人民共同富裕的重要内容和难点问题。以山东省代村为例,运用行动者网络理论,解构了新型村集体经济异质行动者网络转译过程,剖析了村集体经济推动村民实现共同富裕的路径。研究发现:新型村集体经济发展推动村民实现共同富裕过程,是以乡村政治精英领导的村“两委”班子为关键人类行动者和土地、房屋等非人类行动者,通过行政征召、专家征召、文化征召等方式推动行动者网络形成与发展,并不断破解村民的异议与矛盾,从而达成利益联盟,构建稳定行动者网络的动态发展过程。以村民利益为核心的集体经济发展思路和村干部说服性治理工作逻辑在矛盾化解、争取村民信任与支持方面发挥了重要作用;绿色高质量发展的新型村集体经济进一步推动了村内民生保障体系建设;通过公平利益分配、文化权益保障等方式实现了村民物质富裕与精神文化富有。     

驻村干部参与乡村治理的柔性嵌入机制

柔性嵌入是驻村干部通过沟通、对话、协商参与乡村治理的管理实践。柔性嵌入式治理并非单纯的行政制度吸纳与整合,而是包括文化嵌入、认知嵌入、关系嵌入在内的多维柔性嵌入的互动与治理的过程。从辽宁省X县的治理实践来看,驻村干部参与乡村治理仍受根深蒂固的刚性治理思维、运转不畅的民主协商机制、薄弱的乡村社会资本、匮乏的村庄公共精神等现实因素掣肘。需要从转变刚性治理观念、运用情感治理技术、完善基层协商机制、挖掘乡村内生资源、培育村庄公共精神等层面进一步激活柔性嵌入机制,持续提升驻村干部参与乡村治理效能。     

乡村文化振兴与地方民俗发展——基于“三边民俗文化园”的考察分析

随着我国乡村文化振兴战略的实施,公共休闲文化空间正在成为基层文化复兴与发展的重要场域。以三边民俗文化园为例,通过考察分析文化空间的特色设置、建构逻辑与文化拾遗,发现民俗文化空间蕴藏推动乡村发展、提升民众自信与培育民族精神的丰富文化资源。但文化空间的民俗传统脱离昔日的原生态语境,在行政作为与旅游观光目的下被静态复制或用于寄托乡愁。这种文化空间建构方式在为振兴乡村文化带来机遇的同时也潜藏着地方民俗发展的问题与局限。只有充分关注乡村文化发展语境、乡村民俗本来样态、乡村民众心理微变和乡村文化与其他文化之间的关联互动,才能有效推动地方民俗传承与乡村文化振兴的协同发展。     

Institutional Ethnography and Experience as Data

Experience, as concept, is contested among feminists as to its epistemological status, thus its usefulness in knowledge claims. Institutional ethnography (Smith 1987) is a feminist methodology that nonetheless relies fundamentally on people's experience. Not as Truth, nor the object of inquiry, but as thepoint d'appui for sociological inquiry. This article offers a demonstration of institutional enthnography using observational and interview data that show experience as methodologically central to a trustworthy analysis. A moment in the work lives of nursing assistants in a long-term care setting is captured by a participant observer. The analysis produces two lines of argument. One is methodological; it is argued that nursing assistants' experiences are an entry into the social relations of the setting that, when mapped and disclosed, make those experiences understandable in terms of the ruling arrangements permeating both the organization and their own experiences. The other argument is substantive; the inquiry uncovers how a quality improvement' strategy in a long term care hospital in Canada is reorganizing caregivers' values and practices toward a market orientation in which care appears to be compromised. Use of experience as data in this approach holds the analysis accountable to everyday/everynight actualities in a lived world.     

Homework and domestic work

This study assesses two competing theories about the extent to which homework—paid work in the home—helps integrate work and domestic roles for men and women. Contrasting male and female homeworkers with their counterparts working outside the home, it supports some aspects of both the resource and role overload theories, but predominantly the role overload perspective. Homeworkers, especially in the working class, experience less interference between job and family life, but perform more housework and child care. They have no more leisure time nor greater marital satisfaction than those working outside the home, but receive more family assistance with their paid jobs, suggesting that they combine tasks from their first and second shifts. Working at home does not break down gender roles in domestic life. Despite time saved from commuting, male homeworkers perform no more housework than comparable men working outside the home. Thus, the gender division of unpaid household labor is not simply a matter of resources or spatial logistics.An earlier version was presented at the meetings of the Eastern Sociological Society, Providence, Rhode Island, April 1991.     

Factors associated with expectation of household's future financial condition

Path analysis is used to examine the causal relationships among selected objective and subjective factors associated with a household's expectation of future financial condition. Results indicate that respondents who perceive the effect of changes in the external environment on their own household's financial condition as positive are younger, have higher net worth, perceive more internal control over their situation, and report that most of the changes in the external environment are positive. Respondents who are younger, have higher income, perceive more internal control over their situation, and believe the effect of changes in the external environment on their household's financial condition are positive are more likely to be optimistic about their financial future. It is important that educators and financial advisors recognize the significant role perception of being in control plays in determining expectations of future financial condition.Journal Paper No. J-15256 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Project No. 2809. Data were collected in conjunction with the cooperative regional research project NC-182, Family Resource Utilization as a Factor in Determining Economic Well-Being of Rural Families. Cooperating states are Arizona, California, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, and Minnesota.Her current research interests include family financial management and consumer bankruptcy; she received her Ph.D. from the University of Missouri.She received her Ph.D. from the University of Illinois; her current research interests include gender roles, family financial management, and economic well-being.She received her Ph.D. from the University of Illinois. Her research interests are economic well-being and quality of life.Her current research interests include the economic well-being of various family forms. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Illinois.