农村土地使用权转让制度初探

农地使用权转让制度是中央 为促进农村经济持续发展而进行的制度创新，但其与现存制度的冲突又成为制约其作用充分 发挥的桎梏。有关部门、地方制定修订法律法规和经济政策时，应对农村土地使用权转让 的具体运作制度予以高度重视，使之在微观层面上更具现实操作性。     

Can we remember differently? A case study of the new culture of memory in voluntary organisations

This article analyses the positive contribution that Slovenian voluntary, non–governmental organisations, users' organisations and community–based services in the field of mental health have made to the 'new culture of memory' of helpers and users. The conceptual differences between Slovenian psychiatric (institutional) treatment and voluntary community care are presented through the case study of Clare, a young woman who was diagnosed as a chronic schizophrenic. This example shows the importance of community care in voluntary organisations for the reduction of disability associated with mental disorders. The development of the new culture of memory in voluntary organisations and community–based services is not only the 'narrative turn' within social welfare, but also symbolises the 'implicit turn' in the relationship between the helper and the user. The real challenge of the new culture of memory in the process of help to disabled people (in respect of individuals working through traumatic memories) is that the helper can bear and support the user on a daily basis. During the process of their relationship, the deep implicit relational memories of both become activated and influence the change within the user as well as the helper.     

Empathy and professional attitude in social workers and non-trained aides

The purpose of this study was to investigate empathic communication and professional attitude in vocational groups representing different levels of professional training. A further aim was to elucidate some aspects of the impact of the clients. Four groups of professionals participated, three with degrees as social workers and one with only short professional training. Three groups worked with committed drug addicts, one group with somatically ill patients. The 110 subjects were tested with a video-test of professional attitude and empathic communication. Different response patterns were found in the different groups. The group with short training had the highest proportion of unprofessional responses. The group of social workers working with somatically ill patients showed the highest amount of empathic communication. Furthermore, there was a distinction among the kind of unprofessional responses used by the different groups. Hypotheses on the causes of these differences and implications for future research are discussed.     

Medicine on the line? Computer‐mediated social support and advice for people with diabetes

The advent of thousands of Usenet groups on the Internet, covering a vast range of medical and welfare issues and ostensibly devoted to the mutual social support of participating members, has raised the potential for the development of new forms of 'virtual' health care. This article critically analyses the use by people with diabetes of one such Usenet group. It seeks to establish, first, the extent to which such a site provides some demonstrable measure of social support to its participants. This is approached by undertaking a structural analysis of the site to identify the extent of usage, and the nature of supporting interventions using a fivefold classification (instrumental, informational, esteem and social companionship and other). Second, the article attempts to identify any disparity between the lay health-knowledge in evidence and biomedical opinions proffered by the use of a panel of consultant diabetiologists. The results of the analysis suggest that the diabetes newsgroup provides an example of an active forum for largely well-informed participants who routinely use the media as an aid to the reflexive management of their medical condition. It also raises the prospect of a renegotiated relationship between medical knowledge and lay experience based upon shared learning     

"乡约"不等于"乡规民约"

长期以来,学者们在研究中经常将“乡约”与“乡规民约”不加区别地混为一谈。事实上,“乡规民约”是基层社会组织的社会成员共同制定出来供大家共同遵守的一种社会行为规范,而“乡约”是乡村社会中以社会教化为主要目的的一种民间基层组织形式,二者的内涵并不相同,其历史发展也遵循着不同的路径。将“乡约”等同于“乡规民约”的研究方法既违背了历史事实,也混淆了两种不同性质的社会文化现象。     

‘The Effect of Social Networks at Origin Communities on Migrant Remittances: Evidence from Nang Rong District’

The literature on the effect of social networks on migrant remittances has ignored the influence of a household’s embeddedness in social networks in the origin community. This paper, using multilevel statistical modeling and social survey data from Nang Rong district in Thailand, examines how remittances between migrants and origin households are associated with social networks. Social network measures come from data on sibling and rice harvest network ties. Rice harvesting is very important to the rural economy, and households participating in the network are privy to vital sources of news and information that spread through the network. Results support the notion that migrants remit less to households that are isolates in the rice-harvesting network, which is theorized to be associated with access to information about employment options.     

短信文学的文化意义“怎么估计也不过分”吗——与马相武教授商榷

马相武教授的《短信文学的文化意义》夸大了短信文学的社会文化意义,离学理和事实甚远。假如我们看不到文学降低高度所潜藏的弊端,以为“文学能够降低自己的门槛”就任其降低门槛,甚至还鼓吹“文学需要降低自己的门槛”,那就很有可能得不偿失了。一方面,我们必须注意到潜藏于新技术背后的商业力量；另一方面,我们必须竭力避免走入“技术万能论”的心理误区。倘若把“文学本身”进入“一个新的发展时代”寄托在“新技术和新载体”上,那么,虽然不能说完全是梦想,但仍不免让人感到有些悲哀。     

农村义务教育财政体制发展评价指标体系的研究

农村义务教育财政体制是中国财政体制的重要组成部分,与农村社会经济发展和财政体制变化息息相关。建立一套完善的具有评价、监测、预测和决策功能的农村义务教育财政体制发展评价指标体系,对于义务教育事业的发展,国民整体素质的提高,“三农”问题的解决具有十分重要的意义。基于此,作者从农村义务教育财政体制研究现状出发,在论述其应遵循的评价原则的基础上,对其进行定性与定量的分析和描述,提出建立中国农村义务教育财政体制发展评价指标体系的基本构想。     

社会边缘群体对社会稳定的影响及对策--以哈尔滨建筑业农民工为例

社会稳定和社会边缘群体的生存状况紧密相连.建筑业农民工群体是中国社会边缘群体的重要组成部分,必须通过实证研究分析他们的生存状态及其与社会稳定之间的关系.通过抽样方法和问卷调查,从经济状况、社会分配、社会心理和社会控制等四个方面透视哈尔滨市建筑业农民工群体的生活状况,目前还不是影响社会稳定的因素.但从长期来看,若不注重研究并改善其境遇,则可能成为社会稳定的隐患.鉴于此,必须综合利用农民工社会保障制度、工会组织、技能培训、改善食宿和安全条件以及多样化的休闲途径,来保证这一群体的生活质量和合法权益,以维护社会稳定.     

新闻记者的角色冲突与道德失范--兼论记者的职业责任与社会责任

记者职业角色与社会角色之间的冲突,反映出社会力量及记者自身对记者职业活动的不同把握与理解,在新闻实践中往往会造成记者的角色偏差与道德缺失。从微观上看,解决矛盾与冲突的办法可能在于:以古今中外的伦理道德观为理论依据,以新闻采集过程中面对的具体情况为现实依据,以不违背社会良知,不侵害公民的生命权、隐私权为行为原则。从宏观上来看,新闻业与记者角色的正本清源,新闻媒介的行业自律,社会控制体系对媒介的综合监督等等措施,对在一定程度上消解矛盾,使各方力量达至均衡,从而形成媒介权力与社会效应的和谐统一,是目前解决问题的有效途径。