Young Male Street Workers: Life Histories and Current Experiences

The current study aims to reveal the experiences of young malestreet prostitutes in Israel, providing a stage for the voiceof this marginal group to be heard, as we believe youth workersneed to know more about these young people’s lives beforewe can offer meaningful responses. The study was guided by twomain questions: (1) What accounts do young men who work as prostitutesprovide for their involvement in the sex industry? and (2) Whatare their experiences as young males engaged in prostitution?Using the life story interview and thematic analysis, four mainthemes were revealed: (a) a life-long path to prostitution;(b) entering prostitution; (c) interpersonal encounters whileengaging in prostitution; and (d) the consequences of workingin prostitution. The results highlight the lack of meaningfulinterpersonal relationships in the lives of these young men.Practical recommendations are made to better inform youth workersassisting this high-risk population.     

社区服务业与下岗失业人员的社会保障问题

解决好下岗失业人员的再就业与社会保障问题,对于维护社会稳定,全面建设小康社会具有十分重要的意义。各级政府应给弱势群体以特殊的援助,让他们有精力有能力自我发展。同时,应大力发展服务业,特别是社区服务业。社区服务业不仅为下岗失业人员再就业提供了良好的机遇,而且使他们失去的职工集体福利也有可能通过新的途径和新的方式实现。     

关于农村市场开拓问题的若干思考

中国加入世贸组织 ,给我国的企业构成了巨大的挑战。农村市场空间广阔 ,开拓农村市场 ,是我国企业的新生之路。但由于农村消费基础环境差 ,农民增收难等多项历史性因素的制约 ,农村市场的开拓任重而道远。当前 ,以政府投入为主体 ,引导、带动民间资本的加入 ,是开拓农村市场的现实选择     

农村妇女在政治参与中存在的问题及改善措施

对农村妇女参与村民自治状况的实证分析表明,农村妇女在政治参与中仍处于劣势地位;改善这一状况,应从制度保护、妇女组织功能强化、女性自身素质提高等方面进行综合治理。     

梁漱溟乡村建设实验的主旨及其当代价值

20世纪30年代,著名学者梁漱溟先生在山东邹平进行了为期7年的乡村建设实验,并取得了一定的成效,在国内外也引起了较大反响。在今天我国全面建设小康社会、推进现代化建设的过程中,“三农”问题成为社会广泛关注的重大问题,如何吸收借鉴国内外乡村治理的经验教训,特别是历史上一些乡村治理专家的思想智慧,促进农村现代化的进程,梁漱溟重视文化教育因素在农村进步和国家发展中的理论与实践可能会给我们一些深刻启迪。     

Seeking common ground for people: Livelihoods, governance and waste

Jam Chakro is a large International Donor-funded landfill site in Karachi, when opened in 1996 it was intended to be carefully managed by the Karachi municipal authorities. However, within weeks of opening it was overtaken by informal-sector waste workers. They are mostly poor rural migrants who have gravitated towards urban areas seeking work. Their waste sorting and recycling work, which involves burning waste, is now responsible for serious environmental degradation and poor waste management.Nearby residents are being affected by the smoke, and wish to see an end to the burning. Local authorities are under pressure to manage the waste better and wish to see an end to the recycling activities. However, initial attempts to stop these activities and relocate people, sometimes involving force, have been unsuccessful. The workers complain that they depend on the waste work for their survival.This paper is concerned with the problems caused by the informal-sector recycling work at Jam Chakro, and the need for finding environmentally and financially sustainable solutions which respect the interests of all stakeholders. It is based on fieldwork which involved detailed stakeholder identification and consultation, to ensure that different perspectives were heard and accounted for. In the light of research findings, the paper discusses some of the proposed options for integrating informal-sector livelihoods into the formal operation of the landfill site. These are based around organising waste reclamation and recycling work and enabling it to take place without burning waste.The paper proposes that the problems at Jam Chakro can in part be attributed to not having accounted for the poor in planning, necessary for developing sustainable solutions to the problems.Approximate exchange-rate at time of writing: US$1: Rs. 60.     

政府减贫的农村电商与农村物流协同演化及政策优化

对于推动我国农村电商与农村物流发展,政府政策支持与引导至关重要,政府减贫战略目标的实现依托于农村电商与农村物流协同主体决策。分别构建政府、企业、农村电商与农村物流协同演化博弈模型,探讨协同系统发展参与主体均衡策略选择,分析政府减贫策略下农村电商与农村物流协同演化博弈稳定性,通过收益矩阵分析得出均衡策略和稳定性因素。结果表明:政府对企业的策略选择是影响企业决策的重要因素,政府积极推进策略有利于农村电商与农村物流协同合作演化;农村电商与农村物流协同减贫策略决策、投入成本对系统演化具有重要影响。政府“减贫”、农村电商“线上协同”、农村物流“线下协同”是现阶段政府减贫下农村电商与农村物流协同发展最优模式。     

乡村治理的理论逻辑及路向分析——一种宏观视角的审视与判断

乡村治理不但需要有社会学、经济学等“解决问题”的学科介入,更需要有“分析问题”的哲学思考,因为分析问题是解决问题的前提和基础。乡村之所以需要进行治理,一是源于浅表层面乡村的撕裂与破坏,二是源于深层的乡村风俗文化的改变。即,乡村社会功能的变迁与调整是乡村治理的最根本原因,经济、生态等方面的原因则属表层因素,乡村治理的实质是如何在城乡互动中对乡村进行重新定位、整合。乡村治理需要厘清“乡村”治理与城市涉农社区的“社区”治理之别,针对聚集型乡村和离散型乡村的差异性有治理侧重,否则容易陷入乡村政绩建设而不是乡村社会功能建设的陷阱。《中国共产党农村工作条例》的出台标志着乡村治理体系转型的开始:由党建“引领”向“党组织领导”转变、由“三治融合”向“一元多方”转变。这种转变既利于聚集型乡村的城市化推进,也利于离散型乡村的防衰治理,更是中国特色社会主义制度优势的乡村展现与践行。     

新乡贤与乡村慈善:资源整合、项目对接与激励机制创新

新乡贤是实现中国乡村振兴目标的重要社会资源,尽管不同地区新乡贤群体由于结构不同导致其社会功能存在较大差异,但乡村慈善功能应是各地新乡贤最基本、最主要的社会功能。乡村慈善也是当前中国乡村发展面临的最大短板,急需外部新资源注入推动。只有对中国新乡贤资源进行合理整合,搭建合适的平台实现新乡贤资源与乡村慈善项目的有效对接,积极创新激励机制鼓励新乡贤参与乡村慈善,才能充分利用中国丰富的新乡贤资源补齐乡村发展短板,改善乡村生产与生活条件,助力乡村振兴目标的实现。     

湖南实施乡村振兴战略面临的问题及对策研究

湖南实施乡村振兴战略面临的主要问题是:农村基础设施改善,但部分乡村旧貌未改;农田荒芜严重,土地流转不畅;种养收入低下,农产销售困难;农村二三产业发展迟缓,集体合作社模式短缺;文化设施缺乏,风俗习惯落后;老农依然辛劳,养老问题难解。带来这些问题的原因主要有:认识存在偏差,发展缺乏资金与人才,集体经济脆弱,干部责任意识不强,缺少产业支撑,乡风治理乏力。文章从实际出发,提出了一系列政策建议:转变思想观念,改变投资取向;改善乡村交通,加强基础设施;完善村居环境,实施“五改五化”;推动土地流转,培育二三产业;壮大集体经济,发展合作组织;强化党组织建设,重视选人用人。