“九”体商榷

学界对＂九＂体的认识,有简单粗疏之嫌。＂汉三九＂九章成篇、代屈立言、悼屈抒愤的形式和内容并不能有效地概括＂九＂体的特点。认为＂九＂体发源于先秦的＂楚辞之三九＂,稍后在汉人手中正式定型。然自魏晋以来,其一直处于变化的状态,尤其是宋以后,明确越过＂汉三九＂,向＂楚辞之三九＂回归。内容上,凸显了两个新的主题,即抒写个人情思和祭祀。形式上,十一章与不分章的体制得到延续,另外,还出现了多种变体。     

书院祭祀的教育及社会教化功能

祭祀是书院规制的重要内容。书院祭祀可以确立、增强士人对儒家伦常道德观念的认同感,引发士人对儒学的信仰,激发士人的道德使命感与社会责任感。不仅如此,书院祭祀的影响还超出书院本身而及于整个社会,发挥着社会教化功能。     

辛亥前湖北革命团体道德救世精神管窥

辛亥前湖北革命团体积极致力于革命活动,为武昌首义立下不朽功勋。他们从事革命活动的背后,有赖于道德救世精神的强力支撑。此一精神涵盖甚广,其内涵主要体现为知耻救世、尽责尚武的道义精神,自强不息、百折不回的进取精神,大公无私、勇作奉献的牺牲精神。此三者从思想上奠定了这一革命的不败之基。     

迷信与理性:汉代禳灾制度初探

汉代是我国古代自然灾害的一个高发期,面对大规模的灾害,汉代政府不仅实行减灾方式,还大量采用禳灾方式。禳灾因有一定的社会心理基础,并且成本较低,能够稳定社会,故得到统治者的偏爱,形成影响我国两千余年的禳灾制度。     

Attribution of tumour lethality and estimation of the time to onset of occult tumours in the absence of cause-of-death Information

A new statistical approach is developed for estimating the carcinogenic potential of drugs and other chemical substances used by humans. Improved statistical methods are developed for rodent tumorigenicity assays that have interval sacrifices but not cause-of-death data. For such experiments, this paper proposes a nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation method for estimating the distributions of the time to onset of and the time to death from the tumour. The log-likelihood function is optimized using a constrained direct search procedure. Using the maximum likelihood estimators, the number of fatal tumours in an experiment can be imputed. By applying the procedure proposed to a real data set, the effect of calorie restriction is investigated. In this study, we found that calorie restriction delays the tumour onset time significantly for pituitary tumours. The present method can result in substantial economic savings by relieving the need for a case-by-case assignment of the cause of death or context of observation by pathologists. The ultimate goal of the method proposed is to use the imputed number of fatal tumours to modify Peto's International Agency for Research on Cancer test for application to tumorigenicity assays that lack cause-of-death data.     

Tumour incidence, prevalence and lethality estimation in the absence of cause-of-death information

Summary.  A Bayesian intensity model is presented for studying a bioassay problem involving interval-censored tumour onset times, and without discretization of times of death. Both tumour lethality and base-line hazard rates are estimated in the absence of cause-of-death information. Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are used in the numerical estimation, and sophisticated group updating algorithms are applied to achieve reasonable convergence properties. This method was tried on the rat tumorigenicity data that have previously been analysed by Ahn, Moon and Kodell, and our results seem to be more realistic.     

伏羲祭祀变迁中的文化内涵分析

作为三皇之首、人文始祖,伏羲始终被历代所祭祀。在被祭祀的历史中,仪式的文化内涵不断发生转换。各个朝代不同的社会背景、统治策略、思想观念,决定他们对伏羲祭祀的不同政策取向。伏羲不仅被看作信仰主体,更多的是被当作某种历史记忆性资源,在现实社会中被选择与再造。     

论秦畴祭天

古代祭天于郊,故祭天又称郊祀.秦之祭天,在祭祀时间、地点、所用牺牲等方面与周、鲁郊天有很大不同.尽管秦祭天礼仪跟儒家经典所记相抵牾,但经过西汉的继承,秦代祭天仪式对后世郊祀制度依然产生了较大影响.     

从礼器到日常用器--论两汉时期青铜容器的变化

汉代是中国古代铜器发展史的重要时期,其间青铜容器完成了从礼器到日常用器、从周制转变为汉制的过程.主要体现在:器类方面,传统礼器逐渐消亡,日常用器种类增多;纹饰内容方面,从以神仙世界的灵异纹饰为主逐渐过渡到以人间的吉祥图案为主;铭文的内涵也由物勒工名转变为吉祥语言.从总体上看,西汉早期青铜容器还处在周制阶段,西汉晚期汉制才得到确立,西汉中期为过渡阶段.     

王安石家族四时礼仪文献的发现与整理

《崇仁甘溪王氏九修族谱》为王安石家族的世系家谱,其中记载的有关于祭祀的礼仪包含了元旦仪、元夕仪、立春祭仪、冬至祭仪、墓祭仪、祀后土仪、生忌奠仪等七项按照四时进行祭祀的礼仪,与《礼记》和《仪礼》中对于祭祀礼仪的记载主要是王室家族祭祖及士卿大夫祭祖的礼仪相比在时节和祭祀内容上有诸多不同,王氏家族族谱中所记载的四时礼仪记录了当时宋朝的缙绅家族仪礼,与后来的朱熹所撰载的《朱子家礼》也有很多异同之处。