A Risk-Based Method for Modeling Traffic Fatalities

We describe a risk-based analytical framework for estimating traffic fatalities that combines the probability of a crash and the probability of fatality in the event of a crash. As an illustrative application, we use the methodology to explore the role of vehicle mix and vehicle prevalence on long-run fatality trends for a range of transportation growth scenarios that may be relevant to developing societies. We assume crash rates between different road users are proportional to their roadway use and estimate case fatality ratios (CFRs) for the different vehicle-vehicle and vehicle-pedestrian combinations. We find that in the absence of road safety interventions, the historical trend of initially rising and then falling fatalities observed in industrialized nations occurred only if motorization was through car ownership. In all other cases studied (scenarios dominated by scooter use, bus use, and mixed use), traffic fatalities rose monotonically. Fatalities per vehicle had a falling trend similar to that observed in historical data from industrialized nations. Regional adaptations of the model validated with local data can be used to evaluate the impacts of transportation planning and safety interventions, such as helmets, seat belts, and enforcement of traffic laws, on traffic fatalities.     

论诚实信用原则——以安全为价值取向的新分析

诚实信用原则是民法和合同法的基本原则。它要求民事主体诚信行使权利和履行义务,在民事活动中友好待人,从而维持当事人之间的利益以及当事人利益和社会利益之间的平衡。中国新的合同法已经把诚实信用原则作为基本的原则并规定了一系列适用规则。这表明我国的合同法已经向现代法律理念靠拢。本文讨论了诚实信用原则的概念和特征,相信这个原则可以根本改善现行司法,并扩大法官权利使他们更独立和自由地行为。“诚信和正义”是这一原则的升华和最高理想,它应该被运用到民事司法实践中。“安全”是诚实信用的一个重要价值,本文拟以安全为价值对诚实信用原则进行新的分析。     

国内外工程项目管理的对比分析与建议

我国目前的建筑业及工程项目管理方法正处于不断改革与发展的时期。研究各国工程项目的管理方法,以避免其他国家曾经出现过的种种问题,建立起符合中国国情的健康合理的工程项目管理体系。在此,对工程项目管理方法相关的几个问题进行讨论。     

Improving the contributions of technology assessment to the health care system of the U.S.A.

Summary Based on 14 case studies of highly effective therapies and the reasons they succeeded less frequently than they could, we propose a variety of steps to improve the health care system of the U.S.A. Whatever proposal emerges from current national debates until innovations are shown to be safe and effective, they should not be supported; when slightly better technologies are much more expensive than other good ones we need to consider appropriate choices carefully; simplified billing and bookkeping would reduce our costs; when a technology is rapidly introduced cautionnary measures may be needed; tracking immunization and repairing their omissions requires a new system; educational programs such as seen effective in hypertension should be applied in other areas such as vaccination; in organ transplantation the nation should consider “presumed consent”; our payment system sometimes creates perverse incentives and therefore needs review; and the preferences of the public in allocation of health resources need to be discovered once the public is informed about the issues. Research supported by Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.     

佛山市场营销系统工程若干问题

本文把佛山市场营销作为系统工程来研究。主要论述三个问题:佛山市场划分系统、营销运行系统和营销策略及其系统效应。     

论地下工程发展与该专业人才培养

介绍了国内外地下工程开发的现状与未来 ,论述了地下工程专业人才的需求 ,对地下工程专业人才的培养提出了建议 ,可供有关领导决策时参考     

对工程造价控制管理问题的探讨

分析我国工程造价管理中存在的问题;从工程建设全过程出发,论述如何控制工程造价。     

公司捐赠行为的效力分析--兼谈公司捐赠的立法完善

逾越权能原则在各国立法和司法实践中有日趋衰微的趋势。公司捐赠行为的效力与公司的目的范围具有密切的关系。法院在对公司捐赠行为的效力进行裁判的过程中是基于交易安全理念和对相关主体的利益平衡的基础上进行的。应该在立法中对公司捐赠行为的相关问题做出规定,以期公司法更加完善。     

理工科新生英语自主学习能力的培养

通过对理工科专业大学新生的问卷调查,分析了他们缺乏英语自主学习能力的现状,并从五个方面阐述了培养这类学生英语自主学习能力的途径和方法.     

工科大学生创新能力与第二课堂人文素质教育

第二课堂的人文素质教育活动对工科学生创新能力的培养,有着特殊的意义和优势。以人文讲座、舞蹈演唱艺术、体育竞技、社会调查和实践、活动组织策划等为内容的人文素质教育活动,能够为工科学生创造实践、体验的机会,能够为发展和培养学生的创新思维、创新能力营造有利环境。