交通与近代百色城的发展--百色城社会变迁研究之一

百色城地处右江流域的中心 ,位于滇、黔、桂三省交汇处 ,是三省交通运输的中心枢纽。近代百色水、陆两路交通的发展 ,吸引了大批外商和大量外地移民 ,扩大了百色城对周边地区的影响 ,使它成为桂西最大的商埠     

灾荒与关中交通关系研究——以民国十八年（1929）为中心

民国十八年,关中遭遇重大灾荒,对社会经济发展造成严重威胁。当时中央及地方政府采取各种措施应对灾荒,其中以工代赈加大交通修建的政策,为民国时期关中交通的发展带来契机。当时全国各地的赈济款项与物资,源源不断地流入关中。大批因灾而流亡的灾民也为交通修建提供廉价劳动力,交通的发展必然为关中经济的后续发展创造条件。     

我国城市公共交通运营的反垄断规制

城市公共交通是政府规制的特殊行业,其运营中的非法垄断对行业的发展、消费者权益以及社会公共利益都有一定的危害.由于现行规制政策排斥竞争政策的运用,不仅缺乏针对性的反垄断立法,规制目标和规制手段也普遍缺乏反垄断的考量.因此,亟待结合国情和行业特点,制定包括反垄断内容在内的行业规制法,并通过加强反垄断执法和完善反垄断司法救济等举措,用反垄断规制实现对城市公共交通运营干预体系的重构.     

Summarizing Risk Using Risk Measures and Risk Indices

Our society is fascinated with risk in many different areas and disciplines. One of the main ways to describe and communicate the level of risk is through risk indices, which summarize risk using numbers or categories such as words, letters, or colors. These indices are used to communicate risks to the public, understand how risk is changing over time, compare among different risks, and support decision making. Given the different methods to construct risk indices, including flawed methods such as risk matrices, this article develops specific steps that analysts can follow to create a risk index. This article emphasizes the importance of describing risk with a probability distribution, developing a numerical risk measure that summarizes the probability distribution, and finally translating the risk measure to an index. Measuring the risk is the most difficult part and requires the analyst to summarize a probability distribution into one or possibly a few numbers. The risk measure can then be transformed to a numerical or categorical index. I apply the method outlined in this article to construct a risk index that compares the risk of fatalities in aviation and highway transportation.     

Coordinated Logistics: Joint Replenishment with Capacitated Transportation for a Supply Chain

In this study, we consider the integrated inventory replenishment and transportation operations in a supply chain where the orders placed by the downstream retailer are dispatched by the upstream warehouse via an in‐house fleet of limited size. We first consider the single‐item single‐echelon case where the retailer operates with a quantity based replenishment policy, (r,Q), and the warehouse is an ample supplier. We model the transportation operations as a queueing system and derive the operating characteristics of the system in exact terms. We extend this basic model to a two‐echelon supply chain where the warehouse employs a base‐stock policy. The departure process of the warehouse is characterized in distribution, which is then approximated by an Erlang arrival process by matching the first two moments for the analysis of the transportation queueing system. The operating characteristics and the expected cost rate are derived. An extension of this system to multiple retailers is also discussed. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the performance and the sensitivity of the models and the value of coordinating inventory and transportation operations.     

Optimal Policies for Perishable Products When Transportation to Export Market Is Disrupted

We consider a problem where a firm produces a variety of fresh products to supply two markets: an export market and a local market. A public transportation service is utilized to deliver the products to the export market, which is cheap, but its schedule is often disrupted severely. Each time this happens, the firm faces the following questions. (i) For a product that has been finished and is waiting for delivery to the export market, should it continue to wait, at an increasing risk of decay, and when should the waiting be terminated and the product be put to the local market? (ii) For a product that has not been finished, should its processing be postponed, so as to reduce the loss from decay after its completion? (iii) What is the best sequence to process the remaining products, according to the information available? We develop, in this study, a model to address these and other related questions. We find optimal policies that minimize the total expected loss in both the make‐to‐order and make‐to‐stock production systems, respectively. For each finished product, we reveal relationships among the desirable waiting time, the price at the local market, and the decaying cost. For unfinished products, we find the optimal start times and processing sequence. Numerical experiments are also conducted to evaluate the optimal policies.     

城市交通社会评价体系及社会治理对策

城市交通与社会发展的关系已经成为社会各界普遍关注的重要问题,尤其北京、上海、广州等大城市,更是在交通与社会的矛盾、协调发展问题上投入了大量的科学研究并实施了诸多举措。我国大城市目前处于交通社会问题普遍存在和突发的阶段,但是缺乏从社会评价的综合角度加以分析城市交通,更不能全面的加以规范和引导城市交通的社会发展,通过构建城市交通社会评价的内容、原则、体系,从而能够更全面的认识城市交通问题,而不仅仅从城市交通自身的角度或者经济学的角度来单一评价解决城市交通,这种综合的社会评价能够带来更有效的治理手段。     

易变质产品在带运输时间的二级供应链中的订购策略研究

研究了带运输时间的易变质产品的二级供应链库存模型。在有限计划期内,为补充下游分销商发出的订单,上游制造商以一定的生产速率进行生产。由于产品运输给分销商时需要花费时间与成本,在开始一段时间内分销商的订单得不到及时补充,只有当制造商的库存量达到最大时,才将产品运输给分销商。目标就是确定最优订购策略使得整个系统的总成本最小。通过分析成本函数的特点,证明了2种特殊情形下最优解的存在及唯一性。最后通过算例验证了最优策略的有效性。     

“汉三颂”交通工程技术史料丛说

"汉三颂"不仅语词华美,笔力雄逸,文字亦包涵着丰富的历史文化信息。其中有关当时交通工程的历史资料,尤其珍贵。考察其中有关内容,可以深化对当时交通建设景况的理解,若干交通道路修造技术的方式,也更为明朗。当时交通工程的组织和管理形式,也可以通过与其他资料的比照,获得有以说明的条件。     

农村客运系统安全分析及对策研究

在对农村客运系统安全现状的基础上．对系统安全要素进行深入分析,找出当前农村客运系统存在的安全问题,从交通参与者、驾驶员、车辆、道路条件、安全管理和科技保障等方面提出合理可行的安全对策,保障农村客运系统的安全有序。