Building an Integrated Research/Policy Planning Age-Friendly Agenda

This article describes an innovative model for integrating research into a policy and planning agenda aimed to help neighborhoods become more supportive of older adults. Philadelphia Corporation for Aging (PCA) established Age-Friendly Philadelphia (AFP) to catalyze efforts to improve the physical and social environments for seniors. The Research Program at PCA became an important part of this effort by providing multiple types of supports to PCA staff and other stakeholders. Most notably, the research program worked with planners to adopt the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Aging Initiative model for Philadelphia. That model focuses on (1) staying active, connected, and engaged; (2) development and housing; (3) transportation and mobility; and (4) staying healthy. Examples of practice efforts actualized using this research are also presented. By developing a new approach to the way research can support practice initiatives, AFP has been able to increase its effectiveness, and researchers have found better ways to work collaboratively with professionals in policy, planning, and practice. The PCA model should be considered as a framework for similar efforts aimed at creating age-friendly communities.     

交通运输类职业院校双语教学的改革策略

中国不同层次的教育一般都会依据本层次教育实施双语教育的目的、教育的对象,教师的专业素养、双语教育的内容、双语教育的政策法规等构建有本层次教育特色的双语教学模式或策略。文章拟对不同教育层次的人才培养目标进行分类,对国外双语教育的主要模式进行分析述评,进而在剖析国外双语教育模式的特征与交通运输类职业院校实施双语教育模式的利弊和实施条件的基础上,提出构建具有交通运输类职业院校特色的双语教学策略。     

无障碍汽车发展的价值诉求与政策促进

作为交通领域的服务产品,无障碍汽车既是实现残疾人自由出行的重要交通工具,也是残疾人充分保障权益,实现权利自由的重要载体,充分体现了《残疾人权利公约》中的无障碍原则、不歧视原则和社会参与原则,对残疾权益的实现具有重要价值。当前,我国无障碍汽车的发展正处于起步阶段,相关法规标准尚不完善。因此必须加强政策促进,做到以加强国家立法为基础、注重顶层设计为纲要、地方政策激励为核心、社会与个人的政策参与为保障,以此加快推动其市场化发展。     

Transit Crime as a Barrier to Qualitative Urban Health Research with Older Adults

This paper reports how transit crime and perception of crime have been barriers to an area-focused and person-based ethnographic urban health and wellbeing research study in St. Louis. This study has experienced two primary challenges. First, respondent concerns about crime have impeded the ability of the study to follow best practices to strengthen ethnographic and qualitative research. Second, these concerns have impeded sampling and respondent participation in a way that decreases the voice and perspectives of older adults.     

高速铁路对区域运输通道系统结构的影响分析

为了促进区域运输通道内各种运输方式的合理分工和协调发展,在对长三角地区旅客出行意向调查的基础上,运用运输通道理论从运输结构配置的角度分析了高速铁路对区域运输通道系统结构的影响。分析结果表明：高速铁路对不同区域运输通道系统结构的影响不同,但仍有一定规律性。高速铁路的比较竞争优势集中在出行时间为2-5小时交通圈内的密集班次,在中距离运输市场与公路和航空竞争,使公路和航空分别向短途和长途运输市场分化。区域运输通道系统在经过一定调整期后,将形成新的各种交通方式竞合关系平衡的有序结构。     

非均衡交通规划初探

传统交通规划以微观经济学瓦尔拉斯均衡原理作为理论基础 ,交通规划是针对市场均衡点进行展开的 ,不涉及非均衡区域 .实际上 ,均衡状态是一种特殊的非均衡 ,在一定的市场条件下才能实现 ,即使实现了 ,也是暂时的 ,它不能代表真实的市场情况 .鉴于运输市场非均衡的普遍存在性 ,本文根据非均衡理论及相关研究成果 ,提出了非均衡交通规划的思想 .通过对市场调控机制的分析 ,研究了运输市场非均衡的存在性 ;利用变分不等式对均衡与非均衡的统一性进行了等价描述 .提出了非均衡交通需求预测的思想 ,并将非均衡价格——数量调节行为原理引入到传统的用户路线选择行为之中     

Pareto‐Improving Contracts for Express Package Delivery Services

We address the problem of an express package delivery company in structuring a long‐term customer contract whose terms may include prices that differ by day‐of‐week and by speed‐of‐service. The company traditionally offered speed‐of‐service pricing to its customers, but without day‐of‐week differentiation, resulting in customer demands with considerable day‐of‐week seasonality. The package delivery company hoped that using day‐of‐week and speed‐of‐service price differentiation for contract customers would induce these customers to adjust their demands to become counter‐cyclical to the non‐contract demand. Although this usually cannot be achieved by pricing alone, we devise an approach that utilizes day‐of‐week and speed‐of‐service pricing as an element of a Pareto‐improving contract. The contract provides the lowest‐cost arrangement for the package delivery company while ensuring that the customer is at least as well off as he would have been under the existing pricing structure. The contract pricing smoothes the package delivery company's demand and reduces peak requirements for transport capacity. The latter helps to decrease capital costs, which may allow a further price reduction for the customer. We formulate the pricing problem as a biconvex optimization model, and present a methodology for designing the contract and numerical examples that illustrate the achievable savings.     

考虑长期运力合同的班轮收益管理运输路径优化模型

基于收益管理的方法,文章对随机需求环境下班轮运力分配和路径优化问题进行了定量研究。首先针对海运收益管理的特征,建立了考虑长期运力合同、空箱调运的轮运力分配和路径选择随机规划模型,然后应用稳健优化方法对此模型进行求解。最后,通过数值仿真得到了优化的舱位分配方案,比较发现稳健优化模型取得了较确定性规划模型更好的收益,显示了模型和方法对于集装箱海运企业的收益管理问题具有应用价值。     

智能交通系统与我国公路运输发展对策

通过分析我国公路交通面临的特殊矛盾和相应的智能交通系统(ITS)解决方案,提出现阶段我国ITS建设中需要正确处理的关键性问题.     

基于绿色交通的城市交通发展探讨

绿色交通是获得持续的经济发展和提供人性化的生存空间的必然选择,其核心是交通的通达、有序,参与交通个体的安全和舒适,尽可能少的土地和能源占用,与生活环境和生态环境的协调统一,以及交通系统的可扩展性.本文从资源利用、环境影响、交通结构和居民出行影响几方面分析我国城市交通的现状,构建了我国城市发展绿色交通的框架.绿色交通是一个系统工程,涉及交通运输的每一个环节和相关要素,从车、路、交通环境、交通组织、交通管理到其所处的整个社会系统.本文对城市轨道交通发展政策,正确引导私人汽车的拥有和使用,合理利用自行车,以及加强绿色交通的公众参与等提出了宏观建议.