19世纪美国交通运输革命对西部农业发展的影响

19世纪美国交通运输革命极大地推进了西进运动的进程。交通运输的发展促进了西部拓荒农业和地区专业经济的发展 ,促使西部农业由自给自足向商品化转变 ,同时人口的西移加快了西部地区城市化。     

Vulnerability assessment of strait/canals in maritime transportation using fuzzy evidential reasoning approach

The safety and security of straits and canals have been playing an important role in maritime transportation. The disruption of a strait or canal will lead to increased transportation costs and world trade problems. Therefore, an advanced approach incorporating fuzzy logic and an evidential reasoning (ER) algorithm is developed to conduct the vulnerability assessment of straits or canals in this paper. A hierarchical structure is first developed taking into account both qualitative and quantitative factors. The fuzzy rule-based transformation technique is applied to convert quantitative factors into qualitative ones, which enables the application of a fuzzy ER method to synthesize all the information from the bottom to the top along the developed hierarchical structure. The software of intelligent decision system (IDS) is used to facilitate the process of vulnerability assessment. The developed framework then is validated and demonstrated in a case study for vulnerability prioritization which can be used as a reference to ensure the safety and security of straits and canals for decision-makers.     

EMME／2在沈阳市交通规划中的应用

ＥＭＭＥ／２软件于１９９５年开始在沈阳市交通规划中投入使用，沈阳市最近１０年已经 个人出行调查和机动车出行调查，并通过ＥＭＭＥ／２软件建立了个人出行和机动车出行模型，目前，沈阳交通规划正在沈阳市发挥重要的作用，在沈阳市，很多重要的交通项目都是通过ＥＭＭＥ／２软件来进行分析的，其中遥一些项目已经完成，如何，ＥＭＭＥ／２软件已经成为沈阳市交通规划中一个十分重要而且有效的工具。，