The racialized patterns of police violence: The critical importance of research as praxis

The tragic killing of George Floyd at the hands of the police resulted in hundreds of thousands of protestors marching in the streets demanding change. The call for change criticized the killing of Blacks by law enforcement and challenged White supremacy as an institution of social control and racial violence. A key component of the marches and protests was a message to the residents of the United States: “Black Lives Matter.” As society grapples with a reckoning, researchers studying police violence for the past 6 decades have been empirically and theoretically debating the reasons why use of force by law enforcement continues to have a higher proportion of Black and Brown victims compared to Whites. Although the research on fatal police killings was studied by only a small number of individuals prior to 2014, after the killing of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri the research in different areas of the country increased rapidly as did the forms of analysis and research disciplines making their own contributions. The Washington Post and Guardian news agencies established that deaths at the hands of the police were occurring for at least 900 to 1100 individual deaths per year for which firearms resulted in the greatest cause of death. As US government agencies failed to produce a national data source on police involved killings, the media took a leading role in providing greater national understanding. The authors examine what role academic researchers contribute to the discussion for solutions, particularly those from marginalized backgrounds. As protestors march, lawyers sue and defend, and politicians create new forms of legislation, researchers need to play a more important role initiating critical studies, making sense of the data, and providing a theoretical framework for which police violence can be understood. This article will provide an overview of the literature on racialized police violence, point out key patterns involving racial and ethnic disparities, and emphasize how researchers can play a more important role in advocating for change.     

When the Norwegian child-welfare services get involved: parents making sense of referrals

There is limited research exploring parents' views and understanding of referrals to the child-welfare services (CWS). This study explores parents' understanding of the circumstances leading to a child-welfare referral, and their understanding of the reporter's objectives in making the referral. Qualitative content analysis and frequency analysis was performed on open-ended survey responses from a sample of 683 Norwegian parents in contact with the CWS. The results showed that the majority (60.2%) of the parents perceived the referral to be initiated solely because of parental difficulties and multiple family life stressors. Some of the parents (22.8%) believed the referrals were initiated exclusively because of their children's problems, whereas a few (13.3%) perceived it to be a combination of parental/familial difficulties and children's problems. The findings reveal that close to half of the parents (46.4%) felt the objective of the person making the referral was to help the child, their parents and the family. Some (36.5%) saw it as a routine or mandated action by public or official services, while others (18.7%) reported that they did not know why referrals had been made, or gave no answer to the question. A small group of parents (6%) viewed the referral as an act of harassment. The main implications of these findings are discussed.     

文学视野下的古栈道文化遗存

连云栈道是古代通行汉中和巴蜀的重要栈道之一,素以恢宏险峻而名驰天下。作为古代的交通要津,它承载着极为厚重的历史文化信息,记录着王朝兴废的更迭嬗变,演绎出一幕幕惊心动魄、可歌可泣的历史活剧,雄杰之士为之折腰,骚人墨客赋咏不绝。或直笔正描,赞叹栈道的奇伟险绝;或托物兴感,展示坎坷不遇的失意情怀;或触景生情,抒发古今变异、世事沧桑、兴亡倏忽的人生感触;或侧写旁点,表现伤时念乱的时代忧患意识,显示出多元的艺术视野。     

库切与凯里写作视角比较研究

在布克文学奖的颁奖史上，只有两位作家两度获奖，他们是彼得·凯里（PeterCarey）和J．M．库切（J．M．Coetzee），且这两位作家目前都拥有澳大利亚国籍。当文学研究者将这两位作家纳入文学研究范畴进行分析时，发现可以从世界文学与比较文学的角度研究这两位作家的作品。本文将从第三种文化的角度分析两住作家的作品，特别是他们在流散过程中所创作的具体作品来梳理他们的写作策略。     

论语法化的理论内涵

从20世纪80年代语法化研究复兴至今,国内外的语法化研究都取得了丰硕成果,但也存在很多的分歧和争论。"什么是语法化?"这是语法化研究的本体问题,也是必须回答的首要问题。很多学者基于各自的研究思路和研究立场,对语法化的内涵作出了不同界定,但大多难以涵盖语法化的各种现象和领域。在语法化研究与类型学、构式语法等语言学前沿领域相结合,不断向更加广泛和深入的方向发展的今天,我们有必要对语法化的内涵加以梳理并对语法化的核心问题做进一步的讨论。     

语篇对话视角的介入分析

评价理论是系统功能语言学在人际意义研究上的新突破,它关注用于协商社会关系的语言资源和态度表达。通过对语篇对话性的介入分析,考察介入系统的操作过程以及语言为之提供的资源潜势,可以看到,作者通过充分运用介入策略,可增强对读者的人际操控,实现交际双方的有效互动。     

技术创新融资风险评价模型与实证研究

针对型技术创新融资过程中融资风险难以量化及融资风险评价主体的模糊性问题,建立企业举债背景下的权益资本报酬率服从正态分布 N E,σ2()的融资风险量化与评价模型,将该模型应用于高新技术企业上市公司技术创新融资项目进行实证分析,结果显示,对融资风险量化的准确性高,且融资风险评价模型实用性强,为企业技术创新融资过程中的风险管理决策提供合理依据。     

韩国的中国现当代诗歌研究视角

韩国对于中国现当代诗歌的研究视角,在1992年韩中两国建交之后发生了根本的变化。通过诗歌认识当时的政治指向并判断诗歌与现实的关系,主要还是韩中学者共同交流的过程中所获得的视角。韩方学者在中国现当代诗歌的研究视角上存在着根本差异,或将作品本身同现实割裂开来,视作独立的个体,或试图实证作品与现实的关系,或全盘收容西方在研究中国现当代诗歌时的方法论。而这些研究视角又都受到资料匮乏的制约。     

论比较诗学及其他者视域的异质文化与非我因素

在全球化时代的汉语学术界,比较诗学研究是中外文论走向汇通性研究所展开的主流方向,比较视域是比较诗学在学科研究上得以安身立命的本体,他者视域是比较视域构成的内在品质,他者视域在比较诗学研究中秉有的两种文化立场。异质文化是比较文学研究者以及国际汉学家所使用的一个专用术语,以语言与民族血亲关系的本质差异性而言,东方文化与西方文化在本质上互为异质文化,即两者互为异类,对方都是自己的非我因素。比较诗学研究者诉求跳出本土学术研究领域的单边文化主义,主张以一种异质文化与非我因素的开放眼光来从事普适性的、整体性的、国际性的中外诗学研究,从而规避本土文论研究的一元性和惟民族性。比较诗学研究中的比较视域主张中外诗学研究之间的相互看视,主张中外诗学双方之间互为他者,认同一个民族的诗学相对于另一个民族诗学来说,两者之间就像镜与灯一样,可以相互镜照与相互照亮。交集理论是比较诗学在学科理论建设上简明及有效回答视域融合及比较研究如何可能的学理观念。     

论“日本视野”中的中国现实主义文学思潮接受

探讨中国现实主义文学思潮的接受来源,"日本视野"是不可或缺的视角.近在咫尺的东邻日本,较早接受西方现实主义文学思潮,曾在不同时期给中国现实主义文学思潮的生成与发展产生影响.但中国作家从日本引入的现实主义理论,有不同的内涵与特质,因而也会产生不同的接受效应.