求全局极小的“塌方”方法

对求全局极小的方法进行了研究,构造出寻优算法,把寻找全局极小的过程分解为局部寻优过程和突破过程的反复。局部寻优过程可采用一般寻局部极小的任一种优化算法,突破过程通过引入广义实力势函数和寻优过程的结合而实现,实例计算结果表明算法有效可行。     

竞争政策视角下我国公平竞争审查豁免制度的应然建构

我国公平竞争审查豁免制度尚需进一步完善。就其应然建构而言,至少应从价值目标、制度构建和程序运行三个层面进行深入探讨。价值目标层面,公平竞争审查制度以竞争秩序作为基本价值,这决定了维护竞争秩序是豁免制度的优先价值选择,而社会公共利益则应是其第二位阶的价值目标。在制度构建层面,以事先控制为主的模式选择和以个案豁免为主的类型选择应成为最主要的内容。在程序运行层面,豁免制度应以防止滥用为总体要求,严格的程序控制则是实现该要求的现实路径,包括启动、审查、批准和监督程序在内的各个环节都应遵循这一具体思路。     

Evaluation of Scenarios for Reducing Human Salmonellosis Through Household Consumption of Fresh Minced Pork Meat

Nontyphoidal salmonellosis is the second most frequently reported zoonotic disease in the European Union (EU) and is considered to be a major threat to human health worldwide. The most reported Salmonella serovar in the EU is S. Enteritidis, mainly associated with egg contamination, followed by S. Typhimurium, with the latter being the most predominant serovar isolated from pork. These findings suggest that reducing the Salmonella contamination in the pork production might be a good strategy to prevent and control human salmonellosis in the EU. Recently, a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) has been developed to assess the risks for human salmonellosis due to home consumption of fresh minced pork meat in Belgium.⁽ 1 ⁾ The newly developed risk model is called the METZOON model. In the current study, the METZOON model was used to evaluate the effectiveness of different hypothetical Salmonella mitigation strategies implemented at different stages of the minced pork production and consumption chain by means of a scenario analysis. To efficiently evaluate the mitigation strategies, model results were obtained by running simulations using the randomized complete block design. The effectiveness of a mitigation strategy is expressed using point and interval estimates of the effect size for dependent observations, expressed as the standardized difference in population means. The results indicate that the most effective strategies are taken during the slaughter processes of polishing, evisceration, and chilling, and during postprocessing, whereas interventions in the primary production and at the beginning of the slaughter process seem to have only a limited effect. Improving consumer awareness is found to be effective as well.     

甲供资源约束条件下南水北调工程项目群工期-费用优化模型研究

在研究项目群工期—费用优化问题时，首先剖析了项目群工期—费用优化机理。然后建立了甲供资源约束条件下项目群实施前的工期—费用优化模型，对初始网络计划进行优化，使业主支付款净现值最小。但由于项目群中各合同项目间存在资源竞争和工期冲突等矛盾，可能引起某一合同项目的工期延误。基于此，构建项目群实施过程中的工期—费用优化模型，对实施前优化后的网络计划进行动态调整。最后结合南水北调某X项目群对比了不同工期—费用优化下的结果。结果显示：两阶段的项目群工期—费用优化可实现项目群的费用控制目标，为项目经理确定项目群中各合同项目的起始时间提供依据。     

大学生创新性实验计划精细化管理的探索与实践

大学生创新性实验计划是培养创新型人才的有效模式,为了使此项计划顺利开展,保证研究项目达到预期成果,本文介绍了通过在管理过程中实施精细化管理,细化每一个工作环节,逐步建立质量监控体系,对大学生创新性实验计划的管理进行了探索和实践。     

Implementing Multidisciplinary Wellness Programs in Subsidized Housing: University–Community Partnerships

University–community partnerships (UCPs) are an important avenue for providing wellness services to seniors in subsidized housing, but there is sparse literature on this topic. The goals of this article are to (a) describe our UCP, which was unique in involving ethnically diverse older adults, and (b) discuss findings of an integrative literature review of UCP examples in subsidized housing. Results showed that UCPs typically received funding for program development and implementation; used multidisciplinary approaches to needs assessment and programming; and reported positive outcomes such as improvement in self-rated health or participant endorsements. This article provides insights and guidance for future UCPs that are much needed in subsidized housing.     

Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse within the Family System: Guidelines for an Educational Social Group Work Program

Children have the right to be brought up in safe environments. However, this right is often infringed by people who are supposed to provide love, care, and protection to children. These people can include biological fathers, step-fathers, brothers, cousins, aunts, mothers, and uncles. Violation of children takes place in a variety of ways, however, for the purpose of this paper, the focus is on child sexual abuse within the family system. A literature review is adopted as the methodology for the discussions in this paper. The purpose of this paper is firstly to demonstrate that child sexual abuse happens within the family system in South Africa, and secondly, to argue that the prevention of child sexual abuse should start within the family system and this can be achieved by conducting educational social group work sessions on child sexual abuse with the family members.     

专业认证背景下学前教育本科人才培养目标的设计与评价

普通高等学校师范类专业认证是推动师范类专业内涵式发展、提高人才培养质量的重要举措。培养目标是专业认证的总纲，体现人才培养"产出"的质量预期与追求。在学前教育专业认证的自评自建工作中，准确把握培养目标的内涵，合理设计、有效评价培养目标至关重要。从目标内涵来看，培养目标的构成要素包括目标定位和目标预期；从设计依据来看，需要从方针政策、专业标准、内部基础、外部需求等角度把握党和国家对人才培养的基本要求和学前教育专业人才培养质量标准，把握学校办学定位、专业办学积淀、生源特点、人才培养现状、国内外学前教育发展趋势以及利益相关群体的现实需求；从设计流程来看，包括政策解读、文献梳理、产出现状与需求调研、目标初步形成、目标合理性评价与修订等过程；从目标评价来看，包括建立规范的评价制度、形成多元评价主体、运用多种评价方式、研发科学的评价工具、促进评价结果有效转化等方面。     

An Integrated Scenario Ensemble-Based Framework for Hurricane Evacuation Modeling: Part 1—Decision Support System

This article introduces a new integrated scenario-based evacuation (ISE) framework to support hurricane evacuation decision making. It explicitly captures the dynamics, uncertainty, and human–natural system interactions that are fundamental to the challenge of hurricane evacuation, but have not been fully captured in previous formal evacuation models. The hazard is represented with an ensemble of probabilistic scenarios, population behavior with a dynamic decision model, and traffic with a dynamic user equilibrium model. The components are integrated in a multistage stochastic programming model that minimizes risk and travel times to provide a tree of evacuation order recommendations and an evaluation of the risk and travel time performance for that solution. The ISE framework recommendations offer an advance in the state of the art because they: (1) are based on an integrated hazard assessment (designed to ultimately include inland flooding), (2) explicitly balance the sometimes competing objectives of minimizing risk and minimizing travel time, (3) offer a well-hedged solution that is robust under the range of ways the hurricane might evolve, and (4) leverage the substantial value of increasing information (or decreasing degree of uncertainty) over the course of a hurricane event. A case study for Hurricane Isabel (2003) in eastern North Carolina is presented to demonstrate how the framework is applied, the type of results it can provide, and how it compares to available methods of a single scenario deterministic analysis and a two-stage stochastic program.